22 SOCIAL SCIENTIST into the new process of production, but indirectly through political or cultural channels. Real capitalist classes did not exist in the countries under review and the westernized groups were close to their cultural origins. The part played by Buddhism in the collective ethos and cultural expression of the peoples of the Theravada tradition of south and south-east Asia had been so profound that any national reaction could not but take it as a basis. It was true of most of the nationalist movements (also in Thailand) in their nation-building efforts. (To be continued) 1 Vidya Dhar Mahajan, History of India, Chand and Co., New Delhi 1976, pp 379-387. fl Ibid.,pp 172-173. » Hcinz Bechert Buddhismu^ Staat und Gezleschaft in den Landern des Theravada Buddhismu^ Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1967, p 4. 4 Ibid., p 54. 8 Urmila Phadnis, Religion and Politics in Sri Lanka, Manohar, New Delhi 1976, p 41. ® H Bechert, op.cit., p 40. 7 Wcndcll Blanchard, Thailand, Hzaf Press, New Haven 1958, p 397. • U Phadnis, op. cit., p40. • H Bechert, op.cit., p 300. 1 e Ibid., p 4. 'l U Phadnis, op.cit., p 47. 1 a F Houtart, Religion and Ideology in Sri Lanka, Hansa, Colombo, T.P.I., Bangalore 1974,. p 88-89. ' • Ibid., pp 90-91. 14 Ibid.,? 95. IB H Bechert, op. cit., p 16. 1 ft Fred von dcr Mehden, The Secularization of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and Thailand (manuscript) p 2. 1 7 Ibid., p 2. '8 U Phadnis, op.cit., p 42. 1 9 F von der Mehden, op.cit., p 2. 20 H Bechert, op.cit., p 162. «> Ibid., pi 4. aa Ibid.,p 210. a8 Ibid., p 294. ^4 Frank E Reynolds, "Sacral Kinship and National Development: the Case of Thailand," Contributions to Asian Studies, Brill, Leiden, 1973, p 41. 25 E R Leach, Political Systems in Highland Burma, London 1954, p 113. 26 H Bechert, op.cit., p 294. a7 U Phadnis, op.cit., p 41. 28 H Bechert, op cit., p 222: F E Reynolds, op.cit., p 47. 2» H Bechert, op.cit., p 162. »o Ibid., p 52. a l F Houtart, op.cit, p 79. 8a H Bechert, op.cit., p 210. 88 Ibid.,p 251. 84 F Houtart, op.cit., p 86. 88 H Bechert, op,cit., p 162. 8® F Houtart, op.cit., pp 478-479. 87 H Bechert, op.cit., p 322. 88 F Houtart, op.cit., p 92. 89 H Bechert, op.cit., p 324.