58 SOCIAL SCIENTIST not for lightening the labour of working people, but for intensifying (^runaway3 electronic plants and sweet shops set up by transnational corporations in various ^Third World3 countries such as Mexico, Taiwan and South Korea); the systematic neglect of safety measures, and heavier tolls each year in terms of lives and injuries of workers all over the world; the wholesale plundering and ecological destruction of the world, led by capitalist USA, a process so brilliantly predicted by Marx (^The more a country starts its development on the foundation of modern industry, like the United States, for example, the more rapid is this process of destruction.35); and, at the same time, spread of general education, albeit unevenly; the advancement of material and cultural standards of living, although again unevenly; and most important, the development of powerful working-class and socialist movements that contain the potential for restoring the harmonious relationship between Man and Nature, and ensuring the humane development, of which Marx wrote.80 It hardly needs stressing that the specific dynamics of relative surplus-value production traced out from Marx's analysis is not meant to be either an ^automatic" phenomenon or universally valid ^scheme". On the contrary, our discussion has shown clearly how intimately particular modes of development of labour productivity and advances in science and technology are tied to the concrete conjuncture, namely the state and dynamics of the class struggle in a particular historical situation, the connection of the social formation with the international economy and so A V BALU (To be continued) 1 Capital, vol I, Moscow 1967, p 374. 2 Ibid., p 378. 8 Ibid,, p 38 \ 4 Ibid., p 384. s Ibid., p 385. 6 Ibid., p 390. 7 Ibid., p39-?. 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid., p 407. 10 Ibid, p417. 11 Ibid., p423. 12 The relations of authority, hierarchy and domination that prevail in the capitalist factory is a particularly glaring example of the hypocrisy of bourgeois ideology. To put in Marx^s words: "The factory code in which capital formulates ... autocracy over ... workpeople, unaccompanied by that division of responsibility, in other matters so much approved by the bourgeoisie, and unaccompanied by the still more approved representative system, this code is but the capitalistic caricature of that social regulation of the labour process which becomes requisite in co-operation on a great scale, and in the employment in common, of instruments of labour and especially of machinery/' {Capital, vol I, p 424.) *8 Capital, vol I, p 432. 14 Ibid .,p 440.