STRUGGLES OF MALABAR PEASANTRY 1934-40 11 social boycott. The sangham also developed the allied movements of youth and children, and raised a corps of volunteers. The Kasargode units became an integral part of the movement inMalabar and participated in all the struggles. Alarmed by the growth of the sanghams, the collector in 1938 took the unusual step of issuing a public leaflet warning the people of the sangham's activities and threatening repressive action 41 The All Malabar Karshaka Sangham reached a stage where it had under its jurisdiction a network of units in all taluks and a membership of over 10,000 in more than 200 village units. This provided the basis for a five-fpid increase in membership in the postwar years. The work of the sangham was correctly appraised in an intelligence report of the period: se These sanghams are well organized and are numerically strong, not less than 10,000 members. Each sangham has its trained militant volunteers."42 Volunteers and Touth The most significant auxiliary to the peasant movement was the creation of a volunteer corps. The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) in the first half of 1938 took steps to organize a volunteer corps by holding training camps to instil discipline and educate their activists. The first volunteer camp was held at Thikkodi in June. The volunteers were captained by Chandroth Kunhiraman Nair, according to the intelligence report ^an ex-havildar of the MSP ( Malabar Special Police ) who is a socialist.9'48 The camp course consisted of physical drills and lectures on political economy and allied subjects. This school set the pattern for future training camps and the volunteers trained in this camp were utilized to set up similar camps in the taluks. By August many such camps were held. According to the collector's report, ^The volunteer movement in Malabar which started with the Congress Socialist Volunteer Training Camp at Thikkodi in June is reported to be developing. There are new bodies for training Congress volunteers, Muslim volunteers, Labour volunteers and Peasant Union volunteers. The two latter bodies are organized under the red flag.9'44 The CSP cadres took care to see that the labour and peasant union volunteers were trained under the red flag and not the tricolour since they were anxious to maintain their independent status. The summer training camps became a regular feature and in the summer of 1939 numerous camps were held. Many of these volunteers were chosen to participate in the jatha to meet the collector at Calicut. After the jatha in April 1939 all the volunteers met at Bakkalam to discuss future plans. At this meeting presided over by Chandroth, volunteers from 70 sanghams took part. It was decided that the volunteers must be organized on a permanent basis and units were requested to send in their suggestions on how to structure this corps.45 According to Chandroth, in May 1939 there were under the KPCC and Congress taluk and village committees 500 trained