82 SOCIAL SCIENTIST land or from other jobs, denote it WL (Wage Labour), P (Peasant), J (Job or Profession). a) In cases where the head of the family is engaged mainly or wholly in other professions or employed by goverment or in private enterprise and not working on the land itself, but income from land may be larger than his professional income, yet in such cases, show him as living on the profession or job as main source of living. b) Where family head is working in all major agricultural operations, his income along with that from subsidiary occupations (self-employed) is to be taken together as against income from wage labour to decide his main living. c) The total income from land, subisidiary allied agricultural occupations like dairying, cart driving, wage labour, are to be taken together as against family income from non-agricultural professions or services. 3. Cost of production of paddy Value of one day's labour product In Anantavaram village, the cost of production of one quintal of paddy on an average farm is calculated to be Rs ..... in the 1973-74 kharif season. The details are as follows: Man-days required to raise paddy on one acre on the averagePreparing soil, bunding etc. 2 Ploughing, levelling and spadework 5 Raising seedlings 2 Replanting 10 Watering 2 Weeding 8 Spreading manure 2 Harvesting, bundling and threshing, haystacking 2 Carting manure and paddy, hay etc. 2 Miscellaneous labour 5 Small farm servant as cattleherd \Q* 70 labour days •^Calculated on the basis of one farm servant on 10 acres (for 365 days, the wages being paid equals about half of that paid to a big farm servant) it works out to be 18 days per acre. But an owner of 10 acres keeps milch-buffaloes, so after deducting half the days for them, we obtain 10 days for plough cattle. Cost of inputs and other capital expenditure Rs 12 kg. of paddy seed 12.00 25 kg. of chemical fertilizers 100.00 Pesticides 10.00 Cost of pair of bullocks, cart and plough and other agricultural implements per acre per year 20.00^ Feed for bullocks (horsegram, etc) apart from hay 15.00 Taxes paid to government, land revenue and water rate per acre 35.00 Miscellaneous expenditure 10.00 200.00 ^•Calculated as follows Cost of a plough and other implements 200.00 Cost of cart 1000.00 These will last for 15 years. So per acre per year 8.00 Cost of a pair of bullocks 1200.00