CLASS DIFFERENTIATION OF ANDHRA PEASANTRY 83
Rs
These will last for 10 years. So per acre per year 12.00
So total cost per year for bullocks and cart and
agricultural instruments 20.00
Total cost per acre of paddy cultivation
Inputs and other capital expenditure 200.00
Wages paid for 70 labour days at an average
rate ofRs 2.50 per day 175.00
375.00
Tield per acre: 14 quintals.
Cost of production of one quintal of paddy is 27.00
or Rs 30.00 rounded off
Second crop
The cost of production of a second crop of blackgram (urad) in this village:
Man-days required per acre
Sowing the seed 1
Spreading pesticides 1 -
Pulling out crop, gathering and threshing 15
Miscellaneous 3
Total 20 days
Rs
Wages paid for these 20 labour days 50.00
Inputs and capital expenditure:
Cost of seed 16 kgs. 30.00
Pesticides 15-00
Miscellaneous 5.00
50.00
Total cost per acre of blackgram 100.00
Yield per acre: about 2 quintals.
Cost of production is about Rs 50 per quintal of blackgram. Value of one man-day's product
In this village a maximum of 70 man-days are required for paddy growing. The value of 14 quintals of paddy is 14 x 90 == Rs 1260. From this the cost of inputs and other working expenses excluding the taxes paid to the government, when deducted, the new value produced by 70 labour days comes to 1260— 165 === 1095.
So the value of one day's production on paddy cultivation is Rs 15.64. From this, the wage paid is only Rs 2.50 and the rest is pocketed by the landlord, the rich peasant employer and the government (in the form of taxes).
Thus Rs 13.14 is the surplus value which the farm labourer is producing after deducting his wages and that needed for replenishing the constant capital expenditure.
The value of one day's labour on blackgram production is 350/20== Rs 17.5. Per acre yield is 2 quintals of blackgram, that is, Rs 400, at Rs 200 per quintal. Deducting the inputs and other capital expenditure of Rs 50 per acre, the new value produced by 20 labour days is Rs 350.
Combining both the crops, on one acre of produce in the village of Anantavaram for 90 labour days, the new value produced is Rs 1095 + 350 = 1445. The value of one day's produce is Rs 16. But the labourer is paid only Rs 2.50 The remaining Rs 13.50 is pocketed by the landlord and the government.
So the demand of a minimum ofRs 5 in lean seasons and for light labour, and a demand of even upto Rs 10 during busy seasons or for hard w^ork, still leaves a large margin for the landlord.
4. See "The Agrarian Decisions Concerning the Differentiation of the Class Status in the Countryside", Agrarian Question—A Collection, National Book Agency, Calcutta.