78 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 72 Alliance between the Workers and the Working and Exploited Peasants: A Letter to Pravda, published in 1917, XXVI, pp 333-335. Lenin argued that the alliance between Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries could be an honest coalition in the government, for socialism was fully able to meet the interests of both. In such a government, the Bolsheviks would be obliged to abstain from voting on questions which concerned purely Socialist Revolutionary points in the land programme approved by the second All-Russia Congress of Soviets. Such, for instance, would be the point on equal land tenure and the redistribution of land among the small holders. Given the victory of socialism, these measures were not detrimental to the cause of socialism. ^Even Kautsky, when he was still a Marxist (1899-1909), frequently admitted that the measures of transition to socialism cannot be identical in countries with large-scale and those with small-scale farming." (p 334) 73 ^Left-wing" Childishness and the Petty-bourgeois Mentality, written and first published in May 1918, XXVII, pp 323-354. While considering ^what elements actually constitute the various socio-economic structures that exist in Russia95 after the confiscation and redistribution of feudal landed properties, Lenin identified five such elements — (1) patriarchal, that is, natural peasant farming, (ii) small commodity production, (iii) private capitalism, (iv) state capitalism and (v) socialism. 74 Speech at a Meeting of Delegates from the Poor Peasants' Committees of Central Gubernias, 8 November 1918, written and published in November 1918,XXVII1, pp 171-178. Bolsheviks were opposed to the law on the socialization of land sponsored by the Socialist Revolutionaries. Yet they signed it because they did not want to oppose the bill of the majority of peasants and hoped that they would learn from experience that equal division was nonsense. Division of the land was all very well at the beginning. ^But," said Lenin, ^that is not enough. The solution lies only in socialized farming." (p 177). The fight against the kulaks was not to be relaxed. 75 ^Agrarian Section" of the Draft Programme of the RCP (B), written in 1919 and published in 1930, XXIX, pp 139-140. Private property in land having been abolished, Lenin suggested a whole series of measures aimed at organization of large-scale socialist agriculture. 76 Report on the Work in the Countryside, Eighth Congress of the RCP(B), 23 March, written 18-23 March, 1919, XXIX, pp 198-215. Lenin characterized the first stage of the revolution as a bourgeois revolution and the second stage, that began with the real proletarian revolution in the rural districts in the summer of 1918, as the proleterian revolution. It was Engels who established the division of peasants into small, middle and big peasants in his Peasant (hiestion in France and Germany. ^Perhaps it will not everywhere be necessary," he said, ^to