SOCIALIST PATH 7 reduced by the operation of strict control over distribution of consumer goods. Problems concerning ^mutual relations within the unit of production" centre around the issue of the division of labour. This issue has occupied less attention in the countryside;, partially because of the less advanced form of the division of labour there. However, with modernization of agriculture proceeding apace in the late 1960s and likely to continue throughout the 1970s, this question is going to become increasingly important. Among the emerging issues will be such questions as: who is to be selected to work in the new small and medium-scale industries, who is to receive training to run and maintain the new agricultural machinery, and who is to receive training to implement the new agronomic techniques. It is possible also that the potentialities for ordinary peasants to participate meaningfully in collective decisions on production issues will decline if new divisions of labour do emerge. In factory management the great Leap and the Cultural Revolution introduced radical departures from hierarchical authority relationships. Many of these innovations have been maintained in the 1970s, though often in modified form. Wdrkers, party members and technicians take decisions on a ^three-ih-one^ co-operative basis. Brain workers participate in manual labour for a certain proportion of their time. SUPERSTRUCTURE: P ART T AND CULTURE In considering the nature of the relationship between base and superstructure in post-Liberation China., the role of the Chinese Communist Party (GCP) is obviously central. At the most fundamental level, it was the political revolution of 1949 that permitted the creation of the structure of economic control that facilitated the development of the forces of production. Furthermore, to the extent that China has been successful in transforming production relations along the lines discussed earlier, the task of introducing such new relations has obviously been facilitated by being carried through in a structure of state planning. To carry through such changes in management and income distribution in a private-enterprise context in a capitalist underdeveloped country is likely to prove a thoroughly intractable task, even if such a project were desired by such a government: the power of private entrepreneurs and well-off income-earners to resist such changes is naturally very great. The superstructural transformation, then, is at the heart of the issues discussed so far. Although the central role played by theCCPin the transformation of China's economy and society since 1949 has brought problems of its own in regard to the establishment of socialism, it has been suggested that the CCP may be distinguished from other ruling communist parties by its relatively close ties with the basic levels of society, and that the so-called ^mass line3 is a reality as far as style of work at the basic level