112 SOCIAL SCIENTIST innovation, comprehensive planning, daring and perseverance exhibited by workers in so many of the examples in our analysis are all evidence^ on the contrary, of a liberation from oppression, a compounded productivity, and an overthrow of fetters on mind, of superstition—even "scientific". As for redundant labour, there were a number of examples where "mobilizing and relying on the masses" saved days and weeks of time for a project. Recall the Chinese emphasis on "Walking on two legs". There will always be an imbalance between relatively advanced and relatively backward technology for a particular job or phase of development: make the best use of both. The Chinese stage of accumulation takes advantage of both legs, and the leadership calls forth both sweat and ingenuity from the people. This is the lesson for us to learn from the Chinese; not the fact that the Red Flag Canal was built with lots of pickaxe calluses and relatively few pneumatic drills. The Chinese approach to the environment takes into account both objective and subjective conditions. Dialectical materialism is the solid ground that keeps nature's objective laws at eye level. Mao's image of the heroic "Foolish Old Man who Removed the Mountains" encourages the Chinese to see beyond the immediate obstacle that temporarily blocks the way. The Chinese leadership's stress on learning from the people, working beside the people, involving the people thoroughly in the resolution of the environmental problems affecting them, and throughout all, serving the people, should be an inspiration to the United States. Their repeated stress on the fact that planning design and scientific knowledge always serve one or another political line, and in turn, one or another class, should sensitize the American people to ask repeatedly, "In the last analysis, which political line, which class, is being served by a TVA or an Army Corps of Engineers or a NASA project?" The Other Model Finally, let me close with a Peking People's Daily editor's comment and a remark made to me by a Chinese • urban planner in Peking in the summer of 1971. The editor's comment precedes an investigative report on a movement for multi-purpose use at a pharmaceutical factory. The article appeared on 2 June 1971 and was entitled, "Create Happiness for the People and Turn 'Three Evils' into 'Three Benefits". It reads: In capitalist countries, an ever-serious universal problem is posed by air and water pollution by waste water, waste gas and waste residue, with people's health threatened, aquatic product resources spoiled and agriculture jeopardized. Such a problem is rendered insoluble by a profit-motivated and self-preserving exploitative system. In our socialist country where "everything is motivated by the interests of the people" under the dictatorship of the proletariat,