66 SOCIAL SCIENTIST equivalent to 6.6 seers of rice; daily wage rate for sowing, weeding and so forth was mentioned at 2.5 seers of rice, equivalent to 9/lOth of an anna (Re 0.56). The level of^vages gave a little surplus over the food requirement at the given norms of consumption, Francis Buchanan in An Account of the District or ^illa of Dinajpur (1809) surveyed the land tenure in detail. On the one hand., he examined factor participation in the process of cultivation and the share of each and., on the other, indicated the levels of living of rural social classes and groups. Having stated the conditions of farmers possessing land and stock, he rendered an excellent quantitative account of ^those who have no lands, but cultivate on account of others"—the Adhiyars with their own stock and the Krisan who only sell labour power. The condition of the former class is better than that of the latter. Usual wage rate for a Krisan was eight annas (Re 0.50) a month with food and clothing valued at from twelve annas (Re 0.75) to one rupee. The eight annas went to maintain his wife and family who were very poorly supported but the servant was tolerably well provided, "as the farmer is interested to enable him to work." The daily wage rate in real terms per worker comes to two seers of rice. Buchanan also indicated levels of living in each of the six districts of Bengal and Bihar surveyed in 1807-14 by counting the frequency of consumption of essential items like rice, pulses curry, vegetables, milk, meat or fish. He presented family budgets by social classes and groups for each thana for certain districts. We prepared a table to show the distribution of population in different per TABLE I DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY PER CAPITA MONTHLY EXPENDITURE CLASSES IN PATNA-GAYA, BH\GALPUR AND SHAHABAD, 181 1-1813 Per capita monthly Percentage of Expenditure Percentages of expenditure groups Population population (In rupees) expenditure (In rupees) 0.00-0.50 173 198 2.57 43 300 0.50 0.50-1.00 3 767 601 55.85 2 825 700 32.46 1.00-1.50 1 103 986 16.37 1 379 982 15.85 1.50-2.00 894 648 13.26 1 565 634 17.99 2.00-2.50 355 711 5.27 800 349 9.19 2.50-3.00 74 528 1.10 686 712 7.89 3.00-4.00 314 553 4.67 1 100 935 12.65 4 00-5.00 51 615 0.77 232 267 2.67 5.00-6.00 226 ^ 0.00 1 243 0.01 6.00-7.00 8 920 0.13 57 980 0.67 7.00-8.00 37 0.00 130 0.00 8.00-9.00 50 0.00 425 0.00 9.00-10.00 5 0.00 47 0.00 10.00-15.00 751 0.01 9 387 0.11 15.00-20.00 52 0.00 910 0.01 All 6 735 881 100.00 8 705 001 100.00 SOURCE: Survey by Francis Buchanan