PEASANT ORGANISATIONS AND LAND REFORM 59
9 T Ushiomi, La Communaute Rurale au Japan, Presses Universitaires de France 1962, pl2.
1° Ibid., p 15.
n George 0 Totten, The Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 1966, p 34.
12 Masao Takahashi, Modern Japanese Economy since 1868, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai, Tokyo 1968, p 97.
1' Information supplied by K Aoki, a former peasant organisation leader who wrote a six volume history of the Japanese agrarian movement, Nihon Nomim Undo Shi, Tokyo 1947; see also G 0 Totten, "Labour and Agrarian Disputes in Japan following World War I", Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol 9, No 1, October 1960, pp 194 and 204; and R P Dore, op. cit., p 69.
14 GO Totten, The Social Democratic Movement in Prewar Japan, op. cit., p 37.
16 K Aoki, op. cit., Vol 3, p 81. ie Ibid., p 235.
17 R P Dore, op.cit., p 74.
18 Ibid., pp 69-70 from Noshomuchu, Nomukyoku, Kosaku-sogini kansuru Chosa^o\ I, 1922, pp 93-122, and Kyochokai Nosonka, Kosaku-sogichi m okeru Nosonjijo no Henka 1928, pp 49-61.
19 QO Totten, "Labour and Agrarian Disputes" op cit., p 192.
20 Information supplied by Yuzen Ishida during several interviews.
21 T Ushiomi, op.cit., pp 56-78.
22 Interviews with former peasant union leaders and the wife of the late Y Kubota in
Nirayama. See also Keiji Kamiya and David E Lindstrom, op.cit., pp 59-62, where
Nirayama is described as one of three cases of outstanding peasant organisation
and community development effort, without emphasising, however, the importance
of the prewar political peasant struggle led by Y Kubota as a preparation for later
developments. 2:>> See G 0 Totten, The Social Democratic Movement, op.cit., pp 151-170 for listings of
the backgrounds of national peasant leaders. 21 R P Dore op.cit., p 73. ^ Ibid., p 78. 20 For a description of the ups and downs of peasant organisations as political groups
in these years see G 0 Totten, The Social Democratic Movement, op. cit., p 345. 27 R P Dore, op. cit., p 84.
2fi GO Totten, "Labour and Agrarian Disputes", op., cit , p 206. 29 John M Maki, Government and Politics in Japan. London -1962, p 25. »° R P Dore, "The Socialist Party and the Farmers" in Allan B Cole, George
0 Totten and Cecil H Uehara, Socialist Parties in Postwar Japan, Yale University
Press, New Haven and London, 1966, p 371. sl For a detailed description of this period see R P Dore. Land Reform in Japan, op.cit.
Gh. IV. 82 Ibid., p 104. 3S Nochi-Seido Shiryo Shusei Hensan linkai (Editorial Committee for the Collection
of Material on the Land System), Nochi-Seido Shiryo Shusei (Collection of Material
on the Land System), Vol II, Materials concerning Tenant Disputes, Tokyo,0cha-
nomizu Shobo 1969, pp 362-365. 84 R P Dore, op. cit., p 72. ^ R P Dore, "On Learning to Live with the Second Best" Economic and Political Weekly
Bombay, November 8, 1969 p 1783. 36 T Furushima, Nempo Nogyo Hyakunen (A Century of Agriculture), Chronological
Tables, Tokyo 1967, pp 51-52.
;?7 Information supplied by T Furushima who did field work in Niigata in 1946. s* Information supplied by R Hirano in an interview, July 1970.
