PRE-HISTORY AND HISTORY OF THE DMK 91 27 The figures are as follows: Brahmins, 19.5 percent of those detained; Forward Non-Brahmins, 33.9 percent; Backward Non-Brahmins, 4.9 percent; service castes, 0.5 percent; Non-Hindu religious sects, 3.4 percent; major North Indian castes, 1.8 percent; untouchables 0.4 percent; other castes, 6.5 percent; unspecified, 29.1. per cent. 28 According to Barnett, the 'Vanniya Kula Kshatriya* coalition consists of Naickers Padayachis and Vanniya castes. s9 The reorganisation was a consequence of the formation vof the State ofAndhra Pradesh on October 1,1953. 80 For a preliminary critical article taking up this subject, see Mythily Shivaraman, "The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: The Content of its Ideology" in Radical Review, January 1970. 81 Ibid, p 5. 82 This point is made by Mythily Shivaraman, cited above, p 5. 88 The first decisive electoral success of the DMK came in 1959, when it captured the Madras Corporation with the support'of the Communist Party. 84 In 1957, the DMK had no alliance with the Communist Party or the Praja Socialist Party, but had an understanding with a dissident and much overrated group that had left the Congress Party, the Congress Reform Committee. In 1962, the DMK had a highly limited adjustment of seats with the CPI, with the Forward Bloc and the Muslim League, and a wider tacit understanding with the newly formed Swatamra Party. In 1967, the DMK had constituency-wide adjustments with the Swatantra Party, the Muslim League, the Praja Socialist Party, the Samyuktha Socialist Party and the Communist Party of India (Marxist). In 1971, the DMK dominated an alliance with the Ruling Congress, the Right Communist Party, the Praja Socialist Party, the Muslim League and the-Forward Bloc. It must be emphasised that the first real programmatic alliance entered into by the DMK was in 1971. 85 The author's study of leaders covered 459 local level leaders of the DMK, 38 out of the 100 members of the General Council, and 120 out of the 353 members of the TNCC. 86 Robert E Lane, Political Ideology : Why the American Common Man Believes What He Does, Free Press, New York, 1962. 87 The Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK), formed in October 1972, was renamed the All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK,) in September 1976 amidst fears experienced by the party leadership that the ADMK might attract the ^anti-nation" ban proposed by the Indira Gandhi regime. In October 1976,a small group led by Kovai Chezhian broke away from the AIADMK; this group, which called itself the ADMK, supported the Janatha-DMK-CPI (M) camp in the parliamentary elections in March 1977, but its strength appeared to be insignificant, b8 What ^Dravidian nationalism' has to do with a bourgeois party which has so far taken a strikingly inconsistent and opportunistic position on key political, economic and social questions, repudiated the undivided DMK^s stand on Sj^te autonomy, and entered into a reactionary alliance with the Ruling Congress^ only Barnett can explain. The fact that M G Ramachandran, the leader, 6f the AIADMK, and K Manoharan, the second ranking leader of that parly, are of Malayalee origin and the sporadic anti-Malayalee campaign condjj$;ted by the DMK leadership appear somehow to have influenced the author towards this characterisation (See pp 303-3^01-). 09 Barnett, op. cit., p*153. 40 Yuri Krasin, "Politic?.! Thinking : Methodological Aspect^' in Social Sc"erecs, quarterly journal of the section of Social Sciences of^the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, No 1, 1977, p 51. Bl Ibid., p 54.