NATIONAL ^»W£r1M£NT 1^ ORISSA 51 8 See M N Srinivas, Caste and Social Ohange, Bombay, 1955. 6 A R Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay, 1977. 7 Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, London, 1965. See, especially the chapter on intellectuals. 8 Anil Seal, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism, Cambridge, 1965, pp &2-2^. 9 This class is called the "bhadralok class" in B^n^al. The process 61 dcvejtopiaent of the middle class in Orissa was similar to that of the Bengali middle class, with the exception of the "middle class elite9', which existed only in the metropolis. It is composed of three dominant castes: the Brahmins, the Karand, and the Khand-yats (to some extent). See J H Broomfield, Elite Conflict in Plural Society, Berkeley, California 1968, pp 1-10. 10 Asok Sen, Iswar Chandra Vidya Sagar and His Elusive Milestones, Calcutta, ' Centre for Studies in Social Sciences 1976, p 19. 11 See Macpherson, Possessive Individualism of Hobbes and Loche, Oxford, 1974. Also see George Watson, The English Ideology London. 1973. The author summarizes the outlook of the British middle class thus: "They believed democracy to be the best form of government They believed in economic laissez-faire." 12 Irene L Gendzier, "Psychology and Colonialism: Some Observations'", Middle East Journal, Washington, vol 30, Autumn 1976. 13 VPraharaj, Sahiiy Prabesh, Cut tack, 1967. 14 S N Mukherjee, "Class, Caste and Pplitics in Calcutta", 1815-38", In Leach and Mukherjee, (ed) Elites in South Asia, Cambridge, 1970, p 54. 15 Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, London, 1973, See chapter on India* ie Ibid. 17 Partha Chatterjee, "Bengal: Rise and Growth of a Nationality" Social Scientist, August 1975. See John Gallagher, Gordon Johnson and Anil Seal, Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics, 1870-1940, Cambridge, 1973. 18 Nityananda Satpathi, op cit., p 26 19 Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal 1903-1908, New Delhi, 1974, p 370 20 Sec Bipan Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism, New Delhi, 1977. 21 See J V Stalin, Marxism and the National Question, Moscow, 1912. Stalin defines nationality thus: ^A nation is a historically evolved stable community of language. territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a community of culture." For India, see Aj it Roy, "Some Aspects of the National Question in India", Marxist Review. Calcutta, October, 1967, p 22. 22 Shreeram Chandra Dash, op cit., p 92. 28 Ibid., p 93. 24 Ibid., p 97. •^ Desai, op cit., p 389. 26 See Bipan Chandva, op cit. 27 R N Mohapatra (ed), Gopabandhu in Legislature Cuttack, p 86. 28 W W Hunter, Orissa, London, 1872 ch 9. 29 See Bipan Chandra, Takahasi, et al.. Economic Ideas of 19th Century India, Delhi, 1967. 80 Mohapatra, Gopabandhu in Legislature, op cit., p 88. 81 Ibid.,pl\0. 32 Ibid.,pp 110-17. ^ Ibid. 31 See Mohapatra, Gopabandhu in Legislature, op eit., 35 Ibid. ^ Ibid. 87 Ibid. , 88 A K 'B&gchi/'Pat tern of Regional Variation in Private Investment in India (unpublished)