DIALECTICS AND LOGIC 81 Dialectical Logic and Political Economy Formal Logic can thus be looked upon as a special or limiting case of Dialectical logic. The latter leads to scientific knowledge whereas exclusive adherence to Formal logic impedes scientific cognition. Ilyen-kov shows how the application of dialectical logic enabled political economy to emerge from the ^blind alley of the theoretical paradoxes and antinomies into which the Ricardian school had got..." (p 322). Ilyenkov's demonstration is around the antinomy of the law of value and the law of the average rate of profit. Ricardo was concerned with the ^accord of the theoretical statements with the object"...and the latter, riddled with unresolvable antagonisms, was naturally presented in thought as a system of conflicts, antagonisms, and logical contradictions." .. When Ricardo's disciples and successors no longer made correspondence of theory to the* object their chief concern, but rather agreement of the developed theoretical determinations with the requirements of formal logical consistency the labour theory of value began to disintegrate" (p 325). A point made by Marx in the Theories of Surplus Value. Marx showed that ^thc antinomies of the labour theory of value are not logical ones at all but real contradictions in the object, correctly expressed by Ricardo though not understood by him. In Capital these antinomies are not done away with at all as something subjective, but prove to be understood, that is, have been sublated in the body of a deeper and more concrete theoretical conception. In other words they are preserved but have lost the character of logical contradictions, having been converted into abstract moments of the concrete conception of economic reality. And there is nothing surprising in that; any concrete, developing system includes contradictions as the principle of its self-movement and as the form in which the development is cast" (p 330). If thought is dialectical in the above sense then: ^The concrete contradiction that arises in thought also leads toward a further and, moreover, purposive examining of the facts, toward the finding and analysing of just those facts that are lacking for solving the problem and resolving the given theoretical contradiction. If a contradiction arises of necessity in the theoretical expression of reality from the very course of the investigation, it is not what is called a logical contradiction, though it has the formal signs of such but is logically correct expression of reality" (p 342). This review was intended to be informative. The reviewer hopes that more translations of philosophical works from socialist countries will be made available since this would be a necessary corrective to the sterile linguistic manipulations that pass for philosophy in the anglo" american tradition which still dominates ^intellectual" discourse in