4 SOCIAL SCIENTIST pernicious tradition of Bernstein. Bernstein, in his book, quotes 'the Spanish Socialist, Parlo Iglesious, as follows: "The bourgeoisie, of whatever shade of opinion it may be, must be convinced of this, that we do not wish to take possession of the Government by the same means that were once employed, by violence and bloodshed, but by lawful means which are suited to civilisation/?1 This is exactly the purpose and gist of Carrillo's book. He proclaims himself a Communist, but is embarassed by the principles of Communism, its revolutionary practice, its hatred of the bourgeois system, and wants to don the clothes of liberalism to be in respectable company. Roots of Eurocommunism: Bourgeois ^factionalism The chapter on the 'Historical Roots of Eurocommunism' is an attempt to dissociate the Communist Party of Spain from it$ past international connections and present the Party as a national Party, not drawing any inspiration from the international working class movement. To whom does this argument appeal? To the Spanish bourgeoisie who are now asked to trust the Spanish Communists and their honourable intentions. In fact, Carrillo at one place almost says that the Spanish Communists were more opposed to Soviet help than their allies during the years of the Civil War: ^What is also ignored is the fact that the Communist Party was ready, at one moment, even to give up the ministerial portfolios it did have and to support the Government from outside in order to facilitate the Government's relations with the Western Powers, with the aim of bringing to an end its almost exclusive dependence on Soviet supplies, and that if this decision, which had already been taken, was not carried out, this was because some of our allies thought it might have disastrous effects on the morale of the Republic's fighting men."8 Obviously, the Republic's fighting men understood better who their real friends were, nor had the allies lost their commonsense. An attitude of ingratitude towards the Communist International and fraternal Parties in respect of their past assistance, an ovei?'^geyMss to dissociate the Spanish Party from the socialist countries and a recourse to bourgeois nationalism in the name of the independence of the Spanish CP from any world-Communist centre stand out as one of the sources of Eurocommunism. It is therefore not surprising that there is no warm recognition of the immense help rendered by the CPSU and the Soviet Union during the years of Civil War, of the great efforts of the Communist International to rouse the working class in all countries in defence of the Spanish Republic, nor of the millions of lives sacrificed by the Soviet in the struggle against Hitler which made present-day Europe possible. Can anyone who wants to write about the Spanteb Pany in the struggle against Franco fascism do so without mentioning the help