THE CHINESE POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS 63 u Ibid, p 33. The total membership of self-defence corps in the Border Region increased from 1200 in November 1937 to 224, 300 in June 1939. 34 Ch*i Li, Shan-Kan-ning pien-ch'u shih-lu, p 67. 85 Hsin-huajih-pao. (New China Daily), March 3, 1940, p 2. ^ WHCC. pp 26-27. 37 Ta-chung-hua kung-tso yen-chiu (A Study of Popularization Work), Yenan 1941,pp 41-43 (hereafter referred to as TCHKT). 88 Ibid.pp 21-23. ^ CFJP, April 2, 1942, p 1. 40 Mark Selden, "The Yenan Legacy: The Mass Line", in A Deak Barnett ed, Chinese Communist Politics in Action, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1969,p 123. ^ CFJP, March 27, 1943, p 2; April 25, 1943, p 1. 41 ibid, March 27, 1943, p 2. ^ Ibid, March 28, 1943, p 4. 44 Mao Tse-tung pointed out that during their campaign the Party and government were to attain the five objectivess of simplifiation, unification, efficiency, economy and opposition to bureaucracy in the administrative structure of the Border Region, Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Foreign Languages Press, Peking 1967, Vol III, p 125 (hereafter known as SW). 46 The programme is discussed in detail in CFJP, December 13,1944, p 2. 4< A number of cases are reported in the Chieh-fang jih-pao where the retired soldier s assumed leadership at the basic level in administration and production. See for example. May 23, 1942, p 2; December 12, 1942, p 2; Editorial, March 6, 1943, p 1; April 5, 1944, p 2. 47 See Willim Hinton*s description of Long Bow people, how they attributed victories of the Eighth Route Army as well as social injustices to the regime of Chairman Mao Tse-tung; Fanshen, A Documentary a/Revolution in a Chinese Village, Vintage Books, New York, p 183. 4S For a discussion of the reduction of rent and interest since 1937, see Mark Selden, The Tenan Way in Revolutionary China, pp 229-237. Selden points out that in 1942 the drive for reduction of rent and interest was carried out in approximately 10 districts, most of them in Suite and Lung-tung regions where landlords were still powerful. 49 The Central Committee reasons for the issuing of directive for reduction of rent and interest: "In the areas where rent and interest reduction have been carried out more extensively, more rigorously and more thoroughly together with the guarantee of rent and interest collections, the enthusiasm with which the local people have participated in the Anti-Japanese struggle and in democratic reconstruction also has been higher than elsewhere; furthermore, in these areas conditions of work are being kept up on a normal level, life is more stable and orderly, and the bases are generally firmly consolidated". A Documentary History of Chinese Communism, p 277. 60 Gunther Stein, The Challenge of Red China, p 202. 61 China Today, Vol 4 No 6, 1938, p 15; Lu Mang, Shan-Kan'Ning Rien-chu' timin' chung yun-tung, p 38. 68 Gunther Stein, The Challenge of Red China, p 336. 68 Alan P L Liu, Communications and National Integration in Communist China, University of California Press, Berkely 1971, p 111.