120 SOCIAL SCIENTITT this process of disintegration. The Congress government started a campaign of malice branding communists and their sympathizers as traitors and agents of the Soviet Union and let loose police repression. On the other hand the Indian bourgeoisie and landlords tried their utmost to form a cultural front of their own such as the Committee for Cultural Freedom. This front was influenced by American ideas. Stephen Spender came to India and a conference of writers and artists was held in Delhi in the early fifties, America tried to corrupt the intellectuals by offering scholarships and other facilities. The Congress government later on established various Akademies to induce writers and artists to disassociate themselves from the Marxists. Individual writers and artists broke their direct relationship with the party. Ideology faded out and opportunism flourished. The political differences and inadequacy of ideological education weakened discipline. In the absence of constant ideological training, petty bourgeois vices and individualism are sure to develop. This is the bitter experience of the glorious days of the progressive movement in the field of art and literature. It was very useful in that it was possible to reorganize the IPTA in West Bengal in a very critical political situation in the early sixties. It is gradually developing with a journal of its own under the leadership of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). At present it has more than 70 branches mostly with a new band of artists, composers and musicians. New writers also have felt an urge to develop the ideology of Marxism in an organized manner and set up various periodicals. Again, in 1972, when the semi-fascist terror was let loose by the Indira government, writers, artists and technicians boldly came out in defence of democracy and progress. They have set up an organization called Democratic Writers, Artists and Technicians Forum. It is gradually developing under the leadership of Marxist workers. At present there are innumerable progressive periodicals in different parts of the state. There we find a different type of literature, a genuine Marxist literature. The left movement in Bengal has advanced in terms of politics. The Marxist workers are also trying to bring the cultural movement to a comparably high level. SAROJMOHAN MITRA Jawaharlal Nehru, Glimpses of World History.