24- SOCIAL SCIENTIST and not attracted the cultivator to them. The Middlemen and the village merchants have not been controlled effectively.5'6 Thus there were major regional differences in the organization of marketing. On the eve of the formation of Andhra Pra-desh in 1956 there were 46 regulated markets in Telengana and only 16 in Andhra and Rayalseema, and on the formation of Andhra Pradesh, the Hyderabad marketing department was downgraded. However, to create legislative conditions for the integrated organization of exchange in the new state the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural Produce and Livestock Bill was introduced in 1961 and finally enacted in 1966 with yet another new department to implement it. The Telengana model was substantially followed. An additional stipulation of the 1966 Act was that 30 percent of market revenues should be remitted to support the relevant part of the state administration. By 1979 this was reduced to 20 percent, and 10 percent pooled centrally by the marketing department for investment in new physical infrastructure.7 Market charges taken from farmers and traders thus directly support a fraction of the bureaucracy. Since the enactment of the 1966 bill there have been two crash programmes, one establishing regulated markets in coastal Andhra and Rayalseema in 1969, and the other establishing suby-ards all over the state in 1976. Since 1977 there is one market committee per laluka—196 in all—supervising exchange in some 480 markets. IN KARNATAKA The region which became Karnataka was partitioned under five uncoordinated and different pieces of marketing law—the Hyderabad Agricultural Produce Markets Act 1930, the Madras Commercial Crops Act 1933, the Bombay Agricultural Producer Markets Act 1937, the Agricultural Produce(Grading and Marking) Act 1937 and the Mysore Agricultural Produce Markets Act 1939. One separate department was set up in Mysore in 1948 to administer this legislation. At the time of the reorganization of states in 1956, Mysore state had 37 regulated markets, but it was not until 1968 that the original five pieces of law were operationally replaced by one Act, the Mysore Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1966. As in Andhra Pradesh, though later in time, this Act standardized the organization of transactions, saw to the authorizing of licences and rationalized / charges. It also enabled state marketing board to be set up in an advisory capacity,, independent of the marketing deparment. As in Andhra Pradesh, the revenue exacted from farmers and traders at regulated markets