82 SOCIAL SCIENTIST However, the road to such freedom is by no means easy for, as liberation of the Third World countries spells the end of (super)-affluence in the metropolitan countries, the latter will use all means to prevent it from happening. As we have seen, their methods range from granting 'independence' as in Indonesia in 1949 to straightforward murders since 1973. Those who wish to liberate themselves must be prepared to fight since ct ... it is impossible to persuade the imperialists and the . . . (indigenous) reactionaries to show kindness of heart and turn from their evil ways. The only course is to organize forces and struggle against them ... to expose the imperialists . . . (and) overthrow them."15 Finally, as proved since the day the cannon defeated the firecracker, the mere will to fight is not enough. For, indeed, ART KEMASANG 1 "Gunpowder", China Pictorial, No 2, 1976, p 38. 2 Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Cambridge, 1971, Vol 4, p 516. •{ Robert von Heine-Geldern, "Prehistoric Research in the Netherlands Indies", in Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies, New York, 1945, pp 17, 147, 160. Graham Irwin, Nineteenth Century Borneo, The Hague, 1955, p 175. Wilfred T Neill, Twentieth Century Indonesia, New York, 1973, p 220. i SIamet Muljana, Runtuhnja Keradjaan Hindu-Djawa dan Timbulnja Negara-negara Islam di Nusantara, Jakarta, 1968, pp 68, 72, 94, 100. 5 Needham, op cit, p 516. e The only race-based country of Asia to have differed from this general trend is presumably Japan. One possible condition which contributed to this may be the fact that the Japanese ruling class had domesticated the masses more systematically than their counterparts elsewhere in Asia. Citing Borton, Halliday says that the Japanese farmers "had been kept subjugated as a class and had never been unified within the whole country ready to forcibly revolt as a mass against the old feudalistic form of government." Unlike in most other countries where the soldiery came from the peasantry, in Japan, for centuries, the military came from the arm-bearing elite. It was for the purpose of perpetuating the separation of the instruments of violence from the commonalty that in 1586 Hideyoshi sought to render the peasantry militarily neutral through the wholesale confiscation of its weapons. He followed this up with decrees instructing farmers to remain, unarmed, in the countryside. 7 Frederick Wilkinson, Arms and Armour, London, 1978, p 78. 8 Malcolm Caldwell, The Wealth of Some Nations, London^ 1977, p 80. 9 Dorothy Woodman, The Republic of Indonesia, London, 1955, p 246. A H Nasution, edjarah Perdjuangan Nasional dibidang Bersendjata, Jakarta, 1966. 10 D N Aidit, Aidit menggugat Peristiwa Madiun, Jakarta, 1958, p 34. u Nasution, op cif, p 125. 12 Steve Weissman and others. The Trojan Horse, A Radical Look at Foreign Aid, Palo Alto, 1975, pp 95-96. 18 Malcolm Caldwell (ed). Ten Years of Military Terror in Indonesia, Nottingham, 1976. 14 Caldwell, The Wealth of Some Nations, pp 79-80. Ki Mao Zedong, Selected Works, Peking, 1967, Vol IV, p 429. 16 Frederick Engels, Anti-Duhring, Peking, 1976, p 212.