GHADAR MOVEMENT 65 in transforming the spontaneous element into a rationally organized movement for planned political tasks. In the absence of organizational skills, the success which powerful ideological appeal and mobilization skills seem to ensure, tends to provide strong rationalization for by passing the difficult but nevertheless crucial task of "confronting reality with reason." That in fact is one of the major reasons for the tragic failure of many a revolutionary movement. HARISH K PURI 1 See for instance R C Majumdar, History ofthe Freedom Movement in India, Calcutta, K L Mukhopadhyaya, 1963, Vol II, pp 387-389; LP Mathur, Indian Revolutionary Movement in the United States of America, S Chand and Co New Delhi 1970, pp 54-61; Randhir Singh, Ghadar Heroes, People's Publishing House, Bombay, 1945, p 809; G S Deol, The Role of the Ghadar Party in the National Movement, .Sterling, Delhi, 1969, pp 59-60; A C Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, Bharati Bhawan, Patna, 1971 p 60; Giles T Brown, The Hindu Conspiracy and the Neutrality of the United States 1914-17, M A Thesis (unpublished) University of California, Berkeley 1941, p 7; Dharam Vira, Lala Har Dayal and Revolutionary Movement of his Times, Indian Book Co, New Delhi, 1970, p 196. 3 Sohan Singh Josh, Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna: The Life of the Founder of the Ghadar Party, Peoples Publishing House, New Delhi, 1970, p 27. * Sohan Singh Bhakna's speech at the All India Revolutionaries Conference at Jull-undur on 17 September 1967. Proceeding of the conference in the Peoples Path October 1967. I Statement of Harcharan Das in United States of America versus Fraz Bopp.V S Department of Justice Records; also in Second Supplementary Lahore Conspiracy Case, Horn Dept (Pol) B, May 1917, proceedings 342-43, File pp 150-51. This statement cited in detail by Giles T Brown in his M A Thesis became a major source for these formulations by some of the above mentioned authors. 5 Mark Juergensmeyer, "The Ghadar Syndrome: Nationalism in an Immigrant Community", Punjab Journal of Politics, Vol I, No I, p 1. 6 Others included Taraknath Das, Guru Dutt Kumar, Harnam Singh Kahri, P S Khankhoje, G B Lal, Darisi Ghenchiah, Bhai Parmanand and Mohammed Barka-tullah. 7 Report of W G Hopkinson, Home Department (Pol) B November 1913, proceedings 62-66. Also Harnam Singh (< Fundilat", "Ghadar Party Ka Itihas" (unpublished). 8 Report of the British Consul at Portland, Home Department (Pol) B, November 1913, proceedings 62-63. 9 His letter to German Consul-General in Geneva, cited in Emily C Brown, Har Dayal: Hindu Revolutionary and Rationalist, University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, 1975, p 187. 10 Sohan Singh Bhakna, Jeewan Sangram, Yuvak Kendar Prakashan, Jullundur, 1967, pp 43-44. Dharam Vira calls it the "Finance Committee", op cit, p 186. 11 Emily Brown, op cit., p 159. 12 Bands Mataram, Geneva. 10 September, 1909, Excerpts inJGKer, Political Trouble in India 1907-1917, Oriental Publishers, Delhi, 1973 (reprint), p 113. 18 Emily Brown, op cit, p 113. lt Ghadar, 1 November 1913, true translation in Home Department (Pol} A January 1914 proceedings 42-43, 1/ Ghadar, 11 August, 1914. See Brown, op cit. p 128. 13 The first volume of these poems (pp 28) was published in April 1914 by the Ghadar Press, San Francisco. II Ted Grrr, Why Men Rebel, Princeton University Press, New, Jersey WO, p 226. 18 Emily Brown, op cit, p 147.