BRITISH INDIGO 79 7 For a vivid account of the extravagance and lavishness of Indigo planters, sec, C Grant, Rural Life in Bengal, London, W Thaker, 1860. rt The Report of Indigo Commission, appointed under Act XI of 1860, British Parliamsn-tary Papers, Vol XLIV, 186p; L S O'Malley, Champaran, Bihar and Orissa District Gazetteers, Superintedent, Government Printing, Bihar, Patna, 1938; and B B Kling, The Blue Mutiny, op cit, J Two of the numerous ahbabs are cited here for illustration: Motarahi Rs 1 per tenant as a compensation for the pride which the tenant must be deriving because their planter owned a carriage or car. ^hagunahi'-Rs 1 per tenant every year because tenants enjoyed the colourful Holi festival which their planter did not participate in. See PC Roy Chaudhury, Champaran, Bihar District Gazetteers, Super! tendcnt, Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1960. 19 On the basis of the data containei in the Report of Indigo Commission, op cit, the-average loss to an indigo cultivator was Rs 9 to Rs 11 per bigha if his labour was valued at the prevailing market rate. Also see, Kling, The Blue Mutiny, op cit. n N K., Sinha, The Economic History of Bengal, Calcutta, Firma K L Mukhopadhyay, 1961, pp. 209-210; and Chowdhury, op cit. 12 Kling, B B, Partner in Empire: Dwarkanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in India, University of California Press, 1976, pp. 86-87. n Kling, The Blue Mutiny, op cit. n Habib, op cit, pp 129-135, pp 295-297, also some other parts of this book. l'' 0'Malley, op cit., p 78. ^ 0' Malley, L S op cit. 17 Evidence to the Agrarian Committee, mentioned in Roy Chaudhury, P C, op cit. 14 The Report of Indigo Commission op cit,. Appendix 17, 1) One bigha is about one quarter of a hectare. 90 0' Malley, op cit. 21 Chowdhury, op cit., pp. 125-126. " Chowdhury, op cit., p. 192; and Kling, The Blue Mutiny, op cit,, p 19. 31 Habib, op cit., pp 86-88. 24 See, M D Morris, South Asian Entrepreneurship and the Rashomon Effect, mimeo, for a well articulated statement of this hypothesis. 3' Sec, Marshall, East Indian Fortunes, op cit., for a recent statement of this line of thought. ^ A G Frank, On Capitalist Under development, Bombay, Oxford University Press, 1975; A G, Frank, "The Development of Underdcvelopmcnl1', Monthly Review, September 1966. 27 K N Raj, "Growth and Stagnation in Indian Industrial Development'*, Economic and Political Weekly, Annual Number, February 1976; and T Singh, India's Development Experience, Delhi, Macmillan, 1974.