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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, p. 91.

II] PREHISTORIC ANTIQ UITIES 9 with the remains of extinct animals. Mr. Hacket was fortunate :enough to discover a well-made ovate instrument of chipped quartzite at Bhutra in the NarbadA Valley (about N. lat. 230), lying in undisturbed post-tertiary gravels containing the bones of Hi-popotainus natmadicus and other extinct mammals. Mr. Wynne obtained an agate flake from similar gravels in the Godavari Valley (G. S., p. 386; pl. xxi, I, 2). Most of the implements which must, for geological reasons, be classed as palaeolithic, have been found in laterite deposits, which are, unfortunately, destitute of fossils. Mr. Bruce Foote has been very successful in detecting rude implements, usually of quartz- ite, in beds of detrital laterite--a ferruginous rock overlying gneiss-in Southern India, and has traced their distribution over an area comprising eight degrees of latitude (N. lat. ioo to I8°). They are especially numerous near Madras city, and in the neighbourhood of Ongole in Guntir District. More system- atic search will probably reveal them in many other localities. Implements similar in form and material, but apparently of neolithic age, have been obtained by several observers in large numbers among the K6n ravines of South Mirzapur (N. lat. 24° 25'). The distinction between palaeolithic and neolithic antiquities should be based rather on the nature of the situations in which they are respectively found than on the style of workmanship, which is a very unsafe guide. The implements from the Kon ravines and those with which the great monoliths of Stonehenge were dressed, although both of neolithic age, are quite as rude as those found in the Madras laterite, which must undoubtedly be classed as palaeolithic, and are far inferior to many of the finely chipped implements from the river gravels of France and England, to which a very remote antiquity is assigned. Ossiferous caves, like those which in Western Europe have yielded innumerable relics of palaeolithic times, seem to be unknown in India. Bone implements, so common in Europe, are in India very rare. Mr. Carlleyle excavated a serrated fish-bone, perhaps an arrow-head, from Gangetic alluvium in Ghazipur District, lying below a stratum which contained polished neolithic tools (A. S. R., xxii, o102). All that is known at present about palaeolithic man in India may be summed up in the brief statement that rude stone implements found in laterite beds and ossiferous gravels south of parallel 25° of north latitude reveal the existence of a race of men contemporary with animals now extinct. Even the