508 INDEX
dyers, 185 ; displacement of native
dyer, 185 ; dyeing and calico-printing,
185 ; plain dyeing, 186 ; tie-dyeing,
Bandanas and mashru, 186, 187; paint-
ing and waxing of calicoes, 187, 188 ;
tinsel printing, 188.
American, 385; necessity for best results
of strengthening bridges and roads, 385 ;
move towards their complete con-
struction in India, 387.
Exports and Imports. See Imports and
Exports.
E.
East India Company, its foundation in
A.D. 1600, 258, 259 ; the slow growth
of its trade, 259-261 ; the close of its
monopolies in 1813 and 1833, 259 ;
its encouragement of the growth and
cultivation of tobacco, 51, 52, of tea,
56, of indigo, 70, of jute, 203, 204,
of silk, 207 , of the sugar trade, 41, 4 2 ;
its stud department, 88 ; its administra-
tion of forests, 107 ; its salt-mines, 159 ;
its attitude towards railways, 365, 366,
towards irrigation works, 328, 333;
its construction and administration of
roads, 402-406 ; its postal department,
418, 419, 430 ; its electric and sema-
phore telegraphs, 437-440 ; its regula-
tion of land revenue and rent, 447, 448 ;
its famine policy, 483-485..
Education, agricultural, general, and
technical, 94 ; of Forest service, 1 08,
109, 127 ; Schools of Art, 181, 216, 217,
237, 245.
Electricity, generated by waterfall, used
as a motive power, 142.
Elephants, their services in the carriage,
transport, and stacking of timber, 126;
great rise in their price, 1 26.
Embroidery, a form of needlework, 218 ;
originally a pastoral art, and still of
the hills rather than of the plains, 218,
219 ; its character and principal kinds,
219-222 ; phulkari (' flowered ') work
of Punjab, 219; its classes, 219 ; with
glass-work, 219; darn-stitch of Kashmir,
217,219 ; silk embroideries of Delhi
and Agra, 220 ; Kathiawar choklas,
kasida work of Dacca, soznis of Pesha-war, namdas of Kashmir, chain-stitch
work of Kathiawar and Bhuj, 2 20 ;
chikan work, takes the place of lace in
Europe, 221 its most imortant centre,
Lucknow, 221, oth er great centres,
221; lace and network of S. India,
patchwork of .Kashmir, 217, 222 ;
kalagas of Burma, 221 ; gold and silver
wire embroidery, 221,. 222 ; zerdozi,
heavy and gorgeous far state purposes,
of earliest history, its modern centres of
production, 222 ; kamdani, light and
graceful, a variety of chikan, 221, 222.
Enamelling, 238, 239 ; its three methods ;
practised principally .in Kashmir and
Jaipur, 238, 23 ; niello, 239.
Engines, railway, 385 ; average loads an
best railways, 355 ; barely half of best
Factories, 246, 247 ; legislation for their
regulation from 1879 to 1901, 246,
247 ; regulation of hours of labour
and of sanitary matters 246, 247 ;
their inspection, 247; a table of factories
and hands employed in 1893 and 1903 ,
247 . See also Mills.
Famine, areas of liability and immunity
5, 6; causes of, 475-477 ; a disease of
all purely agricultural countries, 475 ;
peculiarly so of India, 476 ; its depen-
dence upon a rainfall periodic not regu-
lar, 5, 316, 47 6; the monsoons and their
harvests, 476, 477 ; chain of deficient
rainfall, failure, of crops, rise in prices,
fall in demand for labour and in wages,
pestilence, 477 494 ; removal of former
checks an population, 477 ; subletting
or subdivision of small holdings, 477 ;
competition rents and low wages, 477 ;
alleged extension of area of distress by
railways equalizing price and dis-
couraging storage, 496, 497.
Famine, modern relief policy, 477-483 ;
its principles laid down in 1877, 478,
accepted by three Famine Commixxions,
478 ; its practical difficulties, of huge
numbers, extended areas, various castles,
creeds, and languages, 479, 483 ; a
modern plan of campaign, 479-482 ;
standing preparations, 479 480 ; danger
signals, 480 ; preliminary action, ' moral
strategy,' 480; the period of test-works,
480 ; the period of general relief, 481 ;
at maximum of distress in May, frequent
outbreaks of cholera, 4$i ; heroism of
English officers during Gujarat out-
break in 1900, 481 ; efficient manage-
ment and stay of outbreak in 1897 in
Bundelkhand, 481 ; change of policy
during the rains, 481 ; recall of labour
to the land, 481 ; closure of relief by
middle of October, 482 ; distribution
of quinine, 482 ; charitable relief funds,
482; the Indian People's Famine Trust
founded by the Maharaja of Jaipur,
48 2 ; improved communications and
greater knowledge the main causes of
efficiency in famine relief, 482, 483;
present elasticity in the relief system,
483.
Famine, prevention of, 495-499 ; by mare
accurate knowledge of country and
people, 495 ; by productive and pro-
tective railways and irrigation works,
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