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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 4, p. 528.

528 INDEX Appeal, criminal, to the High Court, 147, 148, to the Sessions Judge, I49, to the District Magistrate, 149; the causes of its latitude, 149, 151; civil, 151; appeals to the Privy Council, 152. Arab coast, or Hadramaut, protect- orate established (1890) over chiefs of maritime tribes, og9; coast north of Odeid, IIo. Arabic medicine, 457, 458. Army, ch. xi, pp. 326-381. (i) Presi- dency armies under the Company, 326- 342; their small beginnings and origin, 326, 327; Clive's reforms, 327, 328; their development with growth of the Company, 328-333; reorganization in 796, 333-335 ; reorganization of 1824, 336, 337; strength of British and native armies on eve of Mutiny, 338; the Mutiny of 1857 and its causes, 338- 342. (ii) Armies of India under the Crown, 342-353; amalgamation of Company's European forces with those of the Crown, 342-344; reorganization of native armies, 344, 345; organiza- tion of Staff Corps, 345, 346 ; Army Commission of 1879 and reduction, 347; increase in IS85-7, 348, 349; linked battalions and reserves in native armies, 349, 350; abolition (1893) of the separate Presidency armies, 352, 353. (iii) Unification of the armies and present military organization, 353-381; India divided into four territorial com- mands of Punjab, Bengal, Madras, Bombay, under Lieutenant-Generals, 353, 354; changes from 1895 to 1903, 354-359; Lord Kitchener's new or- ganization of main and divisional com- mands, 359; changes (19c6' in the administration of the army, 360-367; Army Department under Commander- in-Chief and Department of Military Supply under an Ordinary Member of Council replace former Military Department, 360; Army Head-Quar- ters, 364; Commander-in-Chief, 365 ; military districts, &c., 365-367; organi- zation and strength of British regiments, 368, of native army, 368, 369; pay and pension of native soldiers, 371, 372; Auxiliary forces, 372-375: Volun- teers, 372, 373,Imperial Service Troops, 351, 373, 374, Imperial Cadet Corps, 374, Frontier Militia, 374, 375, Military Police, 375; armies of Native States, 375, 376; mobilization and special de- fence expenditure, 276, 277; incidence of expenditure on Indian troops employed for Imperial purposes, 377, 378. Bibliography, 379. Appendix I: Army Statistics, Jan. I, I906. A. Organiza- tion and distribution of the British and Native Armies and Auxiliary Forces, 38o. B. Strength of British and Native Regular Troops, 381. Appendix II: The Royal Indian Marine, 382, 383. Army Clothing department, 362. Army Department, 28; created in 9o06, 28; in charge of Commander-in-Chief, 28, 360; the principal officers of his staff, 2S, 364. Army Head - Quarters, directly under Commander-in-Chief, its chief staff officers, 364. See Head-Quarters. Art schools, 438. Assam, annexed in 1826, constituted a chief-commissionership in 1874, 29; united with Eastern Bengal, 30, 32, 46; statistics of Native States in, 103; military police in, 375. Assessed taxes, revenue from, 173; receipts mainly from a general tax on non -agricultural incomes, I73; their steady rise, 173; income tax, 265-270. See also Income Tax. Assessment of land revenue, 213-234; history of, 205-207, 213, 214, 220, 221, 228, 229; early revenue levied in kind, 213; gradual adoption of cash payments, 213, and cash assessments per bigha, 213; Akbar's system of de- cennial average assessments, 206, 213, 228, continued under British rule, 214, 228, 229; comparison of native assess- ments on gross produce with British assessments on net, 214-217, of share taken of net produce in former and present days, 220-222; decennial; temporary, and permanent settlements, 228-230. Assistant-Surgeons, 459, 460. Auditor, at the India Office, 39. Auditor-General and Comptroller, 26, has charge of all the accounts of the country, 26; subordinate Provincial Accountants-General for Provincial and Local Government Accounts, 26. Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughal emperors, 5; his wars, 69; the evil effects of his bigotry, 5, 70; rise of Maratha power, 5, 69, 70; the decay of the Mughal empire, 5, 70 ; Job Charnock compelled by his deputy to move from Hooghly to Calcutta, 6. Auxiliary forces, 372-375, 380: Volun- teers, 372, 373; Imperial Service Troops, 351, 373, 374; Imperial Cadet Corps, 374; Frontier Militia, &c., 374, 475; Military Police, 375. B. Baden-Powell, B. H., on the two classes of Indian villages, 279-280. Bahrein, island in Persian Gulf, HII;