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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 89.

COMMERCE A-D I'NDUSTRIES 89 in the sixteenth century, and in 1620 a Jesuit College was opened. Northern India was constituted an Apostolic Vicariate in 1822, with head-quarters at Agra; but in i886 Agra became the seat of an Arch- bishop appointed by the Holy See. The Baptist Mission here was founded in 18iI, and the Church Missionary Society commenced work in I813. Agra was constituted a municipality in 1863. During the ten years ending I901 the income and expenditure averaged 3-3 lakhs, excluding the loan account. In 1903-4 the income was A Administration. 5-3 lakhs, which included octroi (2-4 lakhs), water-rate (Rs. 68,000), rents (Rs. 37,000), sale of water (Rs. 33,000), and tolls (Rs. 35,000oo). The expenditure was 48 lakhs, including repayment of loans (1.3 lakhs), conservancy (Rs.7o,ooo), water-supply and drainage (capital, Rs. 2,ooo; maintenance, Rs. 63,000), administration and collection (Rs. 50,000), roads and buildings (Rs. 24,000), and public safety (Rs. 4,0ooo). An attempt was made between 1884 and 1887 to obtain a water-supply from an artesian well, but was abandoned in favour of a sup- ply from the Jumna. The work commenced in 1889, and water was first supplied to the city in i891. Many extensions and improvements have been made since, and loans amounting to nearly i6 lakhs have been obtained from Government. In 1903 the daily consumption of filtered water was more than 91 gallons per head, and there were 8II house connexions. About 27 miles of drains are flushed daily. The drainage system has long been recognized as defective, owing to the small flow in the Jumna during the hot season and changes in its channels. An intercepting sewer has recently been completed, which discharges its contents below the city. The cantonment is ordinarily garrisoned by British and native infantry and British artillery. Agra is also the head-quarters of the Agra Volunteer Corps. The cantonment fund has an annual income and expenditure of over Rs. 60,ooo; a Cantonment Magistrate is stationed here. The trade of Agra has undergone considerable changes under British rule, the principal factors being the alteration in trade routes due to the extension of railways and changes in native fashions. It was formerly the great centre through which sugar industriesnd and tobacco passed to Rajputana and Central India, while salt was received from Rajputana, cotton and ghi from the sur- rounding country, and stone from the quarries in the west of the District. There was also a considerable trade in grain, the direction of which varied according to the seasons. Agra has now become a great railway centre, at which the East Indian and Great Indian Peninsula broad-gauge lines and the narrow-gauge Rajputana-Malwa line meet, and these important functions of collection and distribution