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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 8, p. 90.

go BHATINDA TOWN bably owing to the drying up of the Ghaggar and other streams which watered its territory. About 1754 it was conquered by Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala, and has since been held by that State. Bhatinda is now a thriving town, lying in the centre of the great grain-producing tract called the Jangal, and has a large grain mart. It is also an important railway junction, at which the Southern Punjab, Jodhpur-Bikaner, Rajputana-Malwa, and branches of the North-Western Railways meet. It imports sugar, rice, and cotton-seed, exporting wheat, gram, and oil- seeds. The great fort, about 118 feet high, which dominates the town, is conspicuous for many miles round, and has thirty-six bastions. The town possesses a high school, a hospital, and numerous railway and canal offices. Bhatkal (or Susagadi; Sanskrit, Manipura).-Town in the Honavar tâluka of North Kanara District, Bombay, situated in 130 59" N. and 74° 32" E., near the mouth of a small stream that falls into the Arabian Sea, about 64 miles south-east of Karwar. Population (lgor), 6,964. The town contains two small and two large mosques ; and the MusalmAn population has the special name Navayat, said to mean newly arrived,' owing to their being Sunni Persians, driven from the Persian Gulf by the persecution of their Shiah brethren in the eighth century. Many of these Navayats are wealthy traders, and visit different parts of the country for business purposes, leaving their families at Bhatkal. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, under the names of Batticala (Jordanus, 1321), Battecala (Barbosa, 151o), and Baticala (De Barros), Bhatkal was a flourishing centre of trade, where ships from Ormuz and Goa came to load sugar and rice. In 1505 the Portuguese established a factory here, but a few years later the capture of Goa (1511) deprived the place of its im- portance. Two attempts were made by the British to establish an agency at Bhatkal--the first in 1638 by a country association, the second in 1668 by the Company, but both failed. According to Captain Hamilton (1690-1720), the remains of a large city and many Jain and Brahman temples were still to be seen in the beginning of the eighteenth century. The chief articles of trade are rice, betel-nuts, coco-nuts, and cotton cloth, the imports being valued at 1-22 lakhs a year and the exports at Rs. 62,ooo. Bhatkal was constituted a muni- cipality in 18go, its income during the decade ending rgor averaging Rs. 4,6oo. In 1903-4 the income was Rs. 6,5oo. Among the objects of interest at Bhatkal are the following temples : Khetapai Narâyan Devasthan, built of black stone with some fine sculptures ; Shantappa Naik Tirumal Devasthan, built entirely of black basalt; Raghunâth Devasthan, a small ornate temple in the Dravidian style; Jattapa Naikana Chandranatheshwar basti, a large Jain temple. About half a mile south-west of Bhatkal is an old stone bridge said to have been,