DERA ISMAIL KHAN DISTRICT 259
The municipality was created in 1867. The income and expendi-
ture during the ten years ending 1902-3 averaged Rs. 96,8oo. In
1903-4 the income and expenditure were Rs. 79,5oo and Rs. 82,500
respectively. The chief sources of income were octroi (Rs. 48,700)
and house and land tax (Rs. r r,6oo) ; while the main items of out-
lay were conservancy (Rs. 8,500), education (Rs. 13,000), medical
(Rs. 5,400), public: safety (Rs. 6,9oo), and administration (Rs. 5,800).
The chief educational institution is the Anglo-vernacular high school,
supported by the District board, with 700 pupils. The town also
has a civil hospital. The garrison in the cantonment consisted, until
1905, of one Native infantry regiment and a detachment of Native
cavalry ; but the regular troops have been withdrawn, and the garrison
is now composed only of the Baloch levy. The income of cantonment
funds during the ten years ending 1902-3 averaged Rs. 1,500, and the
expenditure Rs. 1,300.
Dera Gopipur.-Tahsil of Kangra District, Punjab, lying between
31° 40′ and 32° 13′ N. and 75° 55′ and 76° 32′ E., with an area of
515 square miles. It extends from the high ridge on the north-east,
which separates it from the Kangra tahsil, across the valley of the
Beds to the Jaswan range on the south-west, which separates it from
Hoshiarpur. The rich plain which lies between the Gaj and the Beds
is irrigated by cuts from the Gaj and the Buner. The population in
1901 was 125,536, compared with 125,512 in 1891. It contains
145 villages, including Dera Gopipur, the head-quarters, HARIPUR,
and JAwn1.A MUKHi. The land revenue and cesses amounted in
1903-4 to 2 lakhs.
Dera Ismail Khan District.--Southernmost District of the North-
West Frontier Province, lying between 31° 15′ and 32° 32′ N. and
70° 5′ and 71° 22′ E., with an area of 3,780 square miles. The
District forms an irregular cone, pointing south, its
base or north being formed by the crest of the physical
aspects.
Bhittanni and Marwat ranges, its eastern border by
the river Indus, and its western by the Shirani and Sulaiman Hills.
Its southern extremity is barely 2o miles in breadth, and adjoins the
District of Dera Ghazi Khan in the Punjab. The Khisor range, also
called the Ratta Koh (or `red mountain'), penetrates its north-eastern
corner for some miles, intervening between the Indus and the eastern
end of the Bhittanni hills, which here turn to the north-east and run
parallel to it. The rest of the District is divided between the kachi
or Indus riverain and the ddnaan, a great plain stretching between it
and the hills. The ddnaan, or 'skirt of the hills,' is a term applicable
in its strict sense only to the tract inhabited by Pathdn tribes stretching
immediately beneath the hills, while the rest of the plain up to the
kachi, which is inhabited by Jats, is the makkalzead; but the latter
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