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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 268.

268 GOA1 CITY river, and in the same year the Jesuits were expelled. With them went the last sparks of commercial enterprise. In 1775 the population, which at the beginning of the century had numbered nearly 30,000, was reduced to i,6oo, of whom 1,198 were Christians. Goa remains in ruins to this day. Every effort to repeople it has failed, and Old Goa is now a city of fallen houses and of streets overgrown with jungle. Almost the only buildings which survive are the convents and churches, with miserable huts attached. In 1827 the Superior of the Augustinian Convent thus wrote: '11 ne reste plus de cette ville que le sacre : le profane en est enti~rement banni.' The stately mansions and magnifi- cent public buildings of Old Goa are now heaps of bricks covered with rank grass, and buried in groves of coco-nut palms. `The river,' wrote Dr. Russell in 1877, 'washes the remains of a great city-an arsenal in ruins; palaces in ruins; quay walls in ruins ; churches in ruins ; all in ruins. We looked and saw the site of the Inquisition, the bishop's prison, a grand cathedral, great churches, chapels, convents, religious houses, on knolls surrounded by jungle. We saw the crumbling masonry which once marked the lines of streets and enclosures of palaces, dockyards filled with weeds and obsolete cranes.' New Goa, the present capital of Portuguese India, comprehends Panjim and Ribandar, as well as the old city of Goa, and is 6 square miles in extent. It is situated on the left bank of the river Vlandavi, at a distance of about 3 miles from its mouth. The suburb of Ri- bandar is connected with the central quarter of Panjim by a causeway about 300 yards long, through which lies the main road leading to Old Goa. Panjim occupies a narrow strip, enclosed by the causeway on the east, the village of St. Ignez on the west, the river on the north, and a hill which walls it on the south. In the last century it was a miser- able village, inhabited by a few fishermen dwelling in cacljan huts, and remarkable only for the fortress built by Yusuf Adil Shah, which is now transformed into a viceregal palace. As in the case of Bombay City, the surface has been gradually formed by filling up hollows and reclaiming large tracts of marshy land. Panjim was selected as the residence of the Portuguese Viceroy in 1759 and in 1843 it was formally raised by royal decree to rank as the capital of Portuguese India. From the river the appearance of the city, with its row of public buildings and elegant private residences, is very picturesque; and this first impression is not belied by a closer inspection of its neat and spacious roads bordered by decent houses. Of public structures, the most imposing are the barracks, an immense quadrangular edifice, the eastern wing of which accommodates the Lyceum, the Public Library, and the Government Press. The square facing this wing is adorned with a life-size statue of Albuquerque