74 JAUNPUR DISTRICT
waste lands, wild animals are scarce, and include only a few wolves
in the ravines of the Gumtl and Sai, an occasional ulgai, and small
animals. Geese, duck, and quail are the commonest-wild-fowl,. and
fish are found abundantly in the rivers and small jhrls,
The climate of Jaunpur is moister, and the temperature m
equable, than in most Districts of the United Provinces. In January
the temperature ranges from about 50° to about 75°, and in May and
June from 8o° to 1
The annual rainfall averages 42 inches, the amount being almost the
same in all parts of the District. While variations occur from year to
year, extreme failures are eery uncommon.
The earliest traditions ce ected with the District point to its occu-
pation by aboriginal Bhars and Seen, In the later Hindu period it
History. contained several places of importance, chief among
which was Z.aenxnann, then known as Manakh.
This place has recently been identified ns the fort of Munj, captured
by Mahmad of Ghazm in lorq. The rule of the MusaImans was
not, however, established at that time, and towards the close of the
eleventh century the District was included in the new Bath. kingdom
of Kanauj. When Muhammad Ghori c enced his victorious
arch against jai Chand of Kanauj, the latter sent his vast treasures to
the fort of Aeni, which was also probably situated near Zafarfib§d, and
after jai Chand's death in 1'94 the Muhammadans penetrated through
this place to Henares. The magnificent temples of the Rathor kings
e plundered and overthrown, and although Hindu go,cmem were
cognisod, they paid allegiance to the king of Delhi. In 132, Ghiyas-
ud-dtn Tughlak appointed his son, Zafar Khan, governor, ad thirty-
eight years later, in 1359,.Fims Shah Tughlak founded the city of
Jar., A eunuch, named Malik Sarwar, no had held important
posts at the court of Delhi, was appointed Wazir in 1389- with the title
of Khedia,i-Jahan. A few, years later, in 1394, the administration of
all Hindustsn,.from Kanauj to What, was placed in his charge, so that
he might reduce the turbulence of the Hindus, and he assumed the
title of Sultan-ush-Shark, or 'king of the east.' The onbilimu, eunuch
had hardly succeeded in his task. when he declared his own indepen-
dence, the revolt. being rendered easier by Dever's invasion, wbl,h
destroyed the last semblance of the authority. of the kings of Delhi.
Tim- n his departure from India, granted large jaVrs to Khizr
Khanr ~ and Kh,Aja-i.Jahan materially strengthened his position by
adopting Khisr Khan's nephew, Kamnphùl, as his son and heir. The
dynasty thus founded ruled at Jaunpur for nearly a century, and proved
formidable rivals to the sovereigns o£. Delhi.. KhwAja-i-Jahan died n
x399, and was succeeded by KaranphUl under the title. of MubMk
Shah.. An attempt was made by Ikb11 Khan, & farm ruler. of Delhi,
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