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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 150.

150 JHANZI about 30 square miles in (be-Simalugiri so-au, is injured by the floods of the river, but there are some compensating advantages, as the silt is said to bave a fertilizing effete The jhanei is crossed by a bridge n the A.ssannBengal Railway, and by four ferries. Jharia.-Coal-field in Manbhum District, Bengal. dr Mnaeubm. Jhelum District (jddam).-District in the Rawalpindi Division of the Punjab, lying between 32° 27′ and 33° 15′ N. and 72° 32′ and 73° 48′ E., with an area of 2,8,3 -square miles. Its length from east to west is 75 miles, its breadth increasing from a it. in the east to 55 in the west. It. is bounded by the Districts of Shahpur and Armck n the west, and by Rawalpindi on the north ; while the Jhelum river separates it from Ksshmtr territory on the north-east, and from Gujrat and Shahpur on the aouoh-east and south. The District falls naturally into three divisions. Of these the north. eastern, which includes the Chakwal tahal and the narrow Pabbf tract Yhvemal 'n the north of the Jhelum trzhol, is a wide and fertile aeaeces. Plateau ranging from 1,301 to. [,goo feet abe,, the see, with a decided slope to the north-west, until at the Sultan river it reaches the boundary of the District. This plateau intersected by n r which, with the single exception of the Bunhb torrent on the enet, drain into the Solran. To the south it culminates in the Sam Revoe, which runs in two main ridges from east to west, now parallel, now converging meeting in acnnfused mess of peaks east of Kahl, and opening out again. Between these ranges l of fertile and picturesque valleys, set in oval frames by the hills, re than 5 miles in width and closed in at either end The Salt Ranger s at a uniform. height of ,51o feet till it culminates in the peak of Chail (3,70[ feet). At the eastern end of the Salt Range two spurs diverge north-eastwards, dividing the Jhelum Mluxl into three parallel tracts. The northernmost of these, the Pabbi, he, already been described, The central treat, lying between the Nili and the Tills .spurs, is called the Khuddag or 'country of ravines.' The whole surface seems to have been crumpled up and dutorted by verging forces Gom the north and south. Lastly, south of the Tills. range, lies the riverain tract, which eatends along the rive, to,, Jhelum town in the northeast to the Shahpur border. Broken only ncar Jal3lpur by a projecting spur of the Salt Range proper, this fertile scrip has a breadth of about 8 miles along the southern boundary of the 'Jhelum and Pind Dad- Khan to-hrils. The greater part of the District has on the a-els-es and con, glumerates of the Siwalik series (Upper Tertiary), but towards. the south the southern scarp of the Se- Raace presents sections of sedimentary beds ranging from' Cambrian .upwards. The lowest bed contains the salt marl. and rock-salt The former is of unknown age;