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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 27.

HISTOR Y 27 State was so far subjugated by the Marāthās that they exacted from it a tribute of Rs. 25,000, which, after a time, was commuted for a grant of Mąchilpur and its dependencies. By the treaty of November 9, 1817, with the East India Company, Karauli was relieved of the exactions of the Marāthās and taken under British protection ; no tribute was levied, but the Maharaja. was to furnish troops according to his means on the requisition of the British Government. In 1825, when the Burmese War was proceeding, and Bharatpur was preparing for resistance under the usurpation of Dūrjan Sal, Karauli undoubtedly sent troops to the aid of the latter; but on the fall of that fortress in 1826 the Maharaja made humble professions of submission, and it was deemed unnecessary to take serious notice of his conduct. The next event of any importance was the celebrated Karauli adoption case. Narsingh Pal, a minor, became chief in 1850, and died in 1852, having adopted a day before his death a distant kinsman, named Bharat Pal. It was first proposed to enforce the doctrine of 'lapse,' but finally the adoption of Bharat Pal was recognized. In the meantime a strong party had been formed in favour of Madan Pal, a nearer relative, whose claim was supported by the opinions of several chiefs in Rajputana. An inquiry was ordered; and it was ascertained that the adoption of Bharat Pal was informal, by reason of the minority of Narsingh Pal and the omission of certain necessary ceremonies. As Madan Pal was nearer of kin than Bharat Pal and was accepted by the Ranis, by nine of the most influential Thakurs, and by the general feeling of the country, he was recognized as chief in 1854. During the Mutiny of 1857 he evinced a loyal spirit and sent a body of troops against the Kotah mutineers; and for these services he was created a G.C.S.I., a debt of 1•2 lakhs due by him to the British Government was remitted, a dress of honour conferred, and the salute of the Maharajas of Karauli was permanently increased from 15 to 17 guns. The usual sanad guaranteeing the privilege of adoption to the rulers of this State was granted in 1862, and it is remarkable that the last seven chiefs have all succeeded by adoption. Maharaja Bhanwar Pal, the present ruler, was born in 1864, was installed in 1886, obtained full powers in 1889, and, after receiving a K.C.I.E. in 1894, was made a G.C.I.E. in 1897. The nobles are all Jadon Rajputs connected with the ruling house, and, though for the most part illiterate, are a powerful body in the State, and until quite recently frequently defied the authority of the Darbar. The chief among them are Hadoti, Amargarh, Inaiti, Raontra, and Barthūn, and they are called Thekinaddrs. The Rao of Hadoti is looked upon as the heir to the Karauli gaddi, when the ruling chief is without sons. The only places of archaeological interest are Tahangarh, already VOL. XV. O