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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 16, p. 204.

2'04 L UD:HIINA DISTRICT During tho twenty years ending 19or the cultivated area increased by more than 3o,ooo acres, the increase being chiefly due to the con- struction of the Sirhind Canal. As no more canal water can be spared for this District, the cultivated area, which now amounts to more than four-fifths of the total, is not likely to increase much farther. Loans under the Land Improvement Loans Act are not very popular, about Rs. i,ooo having been advanced during the five years ending 1904. Ludhiana is not a great cattle-breeding District, owing to the small area available for grazing, and a large proportion of the cattle are imported from the breeding tracts to the south. The horses of the. Jangal tract, in which part of the Jagraon tahsil lies, are a famous breed descended from Arab stallions kept at Bhatinda by the Mughal emperors. The District board maintains 4 horse and i i donkey stallions. Sheep and goats are kept in almost every village, and camels in the Jangal tract. A large number of ducks and geese are reared in the old cantonment for the Simla market. Of the total area cultivated in 1903'4 309 square miles, or 26 per cent., were classed as irrigated. Of this area, ai9 square miles were irrigated from wells, 513 acres from wells and canals, 89 square miles' from canals, and 103 acres from streams and tanks. In addition, 66 square miles, or 6 per cent., were subject to inundation from the Sutlej. The canal-irrigation is from the SIRHIND CANAL. The main line traverses the Samrala tahsil without irrigating it, and then below Doraha (in Patiala State) gives off the Abohar and Bhatinda branches; the former passes through the Ludhiana and Jagraon tahsils, supplying them from six distributaries, while the extreme-south of the District is watered by a distributary of the Bhatinda branch; Wells in the uplands are of masonry, worked by bullocks on the rope-and-bucket system ; in the riverain tract, owing to the nearness of the water to the surface, lever and unbricked wells are largely used. In. 1903-4 the District contained 10,481 masonry wells, and g6a upbricked and lever wells and water-lifts. The only forests are two plantations of s&sham (Dalbergia Sissoo) on the banks of the Sutlej, `reserved' under the Forest Act, with an area of 197 acres. There are also 179 acres of forest land under the District board. Kanhar or nodular limestone is found in many places. The chief industry is the weaving of shawls, known as Rampur Fhddars, from the wool of the Tibetan goat and other fine wools. Trade and The industry is chiefly carried on by a colony of Communications. Kashmiris, who in ;833 migrated from Kashmir on account of a famine, and settled in Ludhiana town, where shawls used to be made until the trade was killed by the Franco German War. Cotton stuffs are produced largely, and Ludhiana is,.,