NIAD 'UPU,R
Urticaceae, 1Yleliaceae, and Sapindiceae. The chief tree is' -the sail'
(STorea robusta), which, grows throughout the tract and' supplies
timber and charcoal. The open parts make- good pasture grouhds
in the'cold season, and -a considerable trade is carried on in boos:
wax and honey. .In recent years it has been opened up to some extent
by roads; leading to the railway, and portions of it have been brought
under cultivation.
Madhupur.-Town in the Deogarh subdivision of the Santal
Parganas District, Bengal, situated in 24° 15' N. and 86° 39' E., on the
chord-line of the East Indian Railway. Population (igoi), 6,84'0:
Madhupur is the junction for the branch line to the Gmdih coal- .
fields ; it is a growing town largely used as a health resort, and many
residents of Calcutta and Government pensioners have built houses
here.
Madhya Desa (` the middle country').-At present this name is
not infrequently used by .Hindus for the Ganges and . Jumna DOAB.
It had a more' extended; meaning formerly; and in early times it
probably included the -tract lying between the place (at Bhatner in
RdjputAna) where the Saraswatl disappears on the west and. Allah-
Abad on the east, stretching to the Himf,layas on the north and the
Vindhyas on the south. This was the area within which BrAhmanism
had its rise and full development, and it is still regarded as a holy
land of Hinduism. But according to VarAha Mihira, the Sanskrit ''
geographer of the sixth century A. n., the Madhya Desa extended as'
far west as Marwar, while the Yamunas, or people living on the banks
of the Jumna, were partly in this and partly in the northern country,
and the Vindhyas are wholly excluded. Albiruni explained it as the
country bound KANAUJ.
[Lassen,.W. Alt., VOL i, P.'92; Fleet, Ind. Anf; x8,93, p, x69.]
Madhyarjunam:-Town in Tanjore District,, Madras. See T
VADAMARUDUR.-
. Madras Presidency (officially 'styled the Presidency of Fori
St. George).-The `southernmost Province of the Indian Empire..
With the five Native States (Travancore, Cochin, Pudukkottai, Ban
ganapalle, and Sandur) which are subordinate to it, and -the State
of Mysore and the tiny British Province of Coorg which are all
but surrounded by it, it occupies the whole of the southern portion
of the peninsula. The west coast is washed by the Indian Ocean, and
the east coast by the Bay of Bengal; but the northern boundary has
been formed by the accidents =of history and consists, from east 'to
west, of Orissa, the Central Provinces,;, the State of Hyderdbld, and
the southernmost Districts of the Presidency of Bombay. Excluding
the five Native States, the area of the Presidency is r4r,7o5 square
miles, or 20,060 square miles larger than the United Kingdom.
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