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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 176.

r76 MANGALDAI gave employment to 28 Europeans and 13,271 natives; but the tea plant does not thrive as well here as in Upper Assam. In the central portion the annual rainfall averages between 6o and 70 inches, while it is as much as loo inches under the hills. The submontane tracts are chiefly inhabited by the Kāchari tribe, who irrigate their rice-fields with water drawn from the hill streams ; but artificial irrigation is not required in the central portion of the subdivision. The subdivision contains 783 villages, including Mangaldai, the head-quarters. The assessment of land revenue and local rates in 1903-q: was Rs. 4,0r,000. Mangalore Subdivision (Mangaliiru). -- Subdivision of South Kanara District, Madras, consisting of the MANGALORE tdluk and the AMINDIVI ISLANDS. Mangalore Taluk-TdIuk in the centre of South Kanara District, Madras, lying between 12° 48' and 13° 13' N. and 74° 47' and 75° 17'E., with an area of 679 square miles. It contains one town, MANGA LORE (population, 44,ro8), the head-quarters; and 243 villages. The demand for land revenue and cesses in 1903-4 amounted to Rs.5,82,000. The population was 334,294 in 1901, compared with 302,624 in 1891, showing an increase of 10•5 per cent. The density is high along the coast and in the fertile valleys of the Netravati and Gurpiir rivers, and averages 492 persons per square mile for the tâluk as a whole. The finest coco-nut gardens are, as usual, found along the backwaters, where also a considerable amount of sugar-cane is grown. The best areca gardens occur inland and near the Western Ghats.' Rice is the prin cipal crop. Round Mangalore, near Bajpe and elsewhere, considerable quantities of `dry grains,' chillies, turmeric, vegetables, and flowers are grown, chiefly by native Christians. The laterite plateaux in this tiluk are very extensive, notably that round MuDB1DRi, and many of the hills round Mangalore have been stripped bare to supply the local market for firewood; but its deep valleys and outstanding bluffs and crags, with the ever-present towering background of the Ghats, render its scenery unsurpassed. Mangalore Town.-Administrative head-quarters of South Kanara District, Madras, situated on the shore of the Indian Ocean in 12° 52' N. and 74° 51' E. The population in 1901 was 44,108, of whom 25,312 were Hindus, 7,149 Musalmans, and as many as 11,604 Chris- tians. The town stretches for about 5 miles along the backwater formed by the Netrāvati and Gurpu-r rivers. Viewed from the sea, or from any point of vantage, it presents the appearance of a vast coco-nut plantation, broken only here by some church spire and there by a factory chimney. The busy bazars are quite concealed from view. Under various local chiefs, whether they aspired to independence or admitted the suzerainty of Vijayanagar or Bednür, such places as BARKuR and KARKALA were of greater importance than Mangalore,