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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 359.

PALITANA STATE 359 1783, but abandoned next year. In 1790 it was finally captured by Colonel Stuart, and from that time was used as a base for the opera- tions which ended in the storming of Seringapatam. The fort continued to be garrisoned till the middle of last century. It is now used for the idluk office. Palghat is the second largest town in Malabar, its population in igoi being 44,177, of whom 37,285 were Hindus, 5,535 Musalmans, and 1,342 Christians. It is the centre in Malabar of the Pattars or east-coast Brahmans. It was made a municipality in 1869. The income and expenditure during the decade ending igoo averaged Rs. 62,ooo. In 1903-4 the income and expenditure were Rs. 8o,ooo and Rs. 79,900 respectively, the chief sources of income being the taxes on houses and land and the fees at the Victoria College. The Victoria College is one of the most successful second-grade colleges in the Presidency. It was founded as a school in 1866, and in 1888 was raised to the rank of a college and affiliated to the Madras University. In March, 1904, 488 students were on the rolls, of whom 138 were in the college department. There are also in the town religious and educational establishments belonging to the Roman Catholic and German missions. Palghat is the centre of the grain and miscellaneous trade between East Malabar and the adjoining Districts, and is a growing town. It contains two large bazars and a permanent market, in which a brisk trade is done in food-grains, tobacco, oil, and cloths, and in the grass mats for which the town is celebrated. There is also considerable trade in timber, which is brought down from the Palghat and Walavanad forests and exported by rail. Pali (or Marwar Pali).-Head-quarters of a district of the same name in the State of Jodhpur, Rajputana, situated in 25° 47' N. and 73° ig' E., on the right bank of the Bandi river, and on the Jodhpur-Bikaner Railway. Population (igoi), 12,673. In the town are a post office, an Anglo-vernacular school, and a hospital. The principal industries are copper-working, ivory-carving, dyeing, and cotton-printing. The town comprises an ancient and a modern quarter, each containing several temples. The most noteworthy are that of Somnath, with an inscription dated A.D. 1143, and that of Naulakha, which is remarkable for having a mosque within its courtyard (probably erected to preserve it from Muhammadan vandalism). Pali was held by a community of Brahmans in grant from the Paramara and Parihar Rajputs till the advent of the Rathors from Kanauj (about 1212), when Rao Siahji became its master. Before the construction of the railway it was an important trade centre, and in 1836 was visited by an outbreak: of plague, the germs of which are supposed to have been imported in silks from China. Palitana State.-State in the Kathiawar Political Agency, Bom-