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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 391.

I'AND.HIll.'NA 391 Besides these, several stone pavements slope to the river. Pandhar- pur contains a Subordinate judge's court, six schools, including a high school, an industrial school, and a school for girls, and one dispensary. It is a station of the Indian Village Mission. During the famine of 1876-8 numbers of children were left to die by their starving parents; while the famine lasted, the children were fed in the Gopalpur relief house. When the relief house was closed, an orphanage, the only institution of its kind in the Bombay Presidency, was established from subscriptions, and the foundation stone was laid on October 10, 1878. In connexion with the orphanage a foundling home was established from Rs. io,ooo subscribed in Bombay, to which a school of industry was added in November, 1881. In 1659 the Bijapur general Afzal Khan encamped at Pandharpur on his way from Bijapur to Wai in Satara. In 1774 Pandharpur was the scene of an engagement between Raghunath Rao Peshwa and Trimbak Rao Mama, sent by the Poona ministers to oppose him. In 1817 an indecisive action was fought near Pandharpur between the Peshwa's horse and the British troops under General Smith, who was accompanied by Mr. Elphinstone. In 1847 the noted dacoit Raghuji Bhangrya was caught at Pandharpur by Lieutenant (afterwards General) Gell. During 1857 the office and the treasury of the iuainlaidar were attacked by rebels, but successfully held by the police. In 1879 Vasudeo Balwant Phadke, a notorious dacoit leader, was captured on his way to Pandharpur. Pandharpur has a large annual export trade, valued at about Rs. 3,6o,ooo, in buka (sweet-smelling powder), gram, pulse, incense sticks, safflower oil, kumku (red powder), maize, parched rice, and snuff. [For a full account of Pandharpur, its temples, ghats, and objects of interest, ancient and modern, see the Gazetteer of Bombay, vol. xx, PP. 415-85 (1884).] Pandhurna.-Town in the Sausar tahsil of Chhindwara District, Central Provinces, situated in z1° 36' N. and 78° 32' E., on the jam river, 54 miles south-west of Chhindwara town, on the road from Betfil to Nagpur. Population (igoi), 8,904. A curious local custom may be noted. On the night of the Pola festival the kotwdr 9r village watchman plants a palls-tree (Butea frondosa) in the bed of the jam river. Next day the people of Pandhurna contend with those of the adjoining village of Sawargaon for the possession of the tree. Stones are thrown and wounds are frequently inflicted. But in the end the Pandhurna people must always get the tree or some calamity will occur during the year. Pandhurna was created a municipality in 1867. The municipal receipts during the decade ending igoi averaged Rs. 3,000. In 1903-4 the income was Rs. 4,000, principally derived from a house tax. Two cotton-ginning factories have recently been opened, and