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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 122.

122 PESHAWAR DISTRICT excluded from the first summary settlement, made in 1849-50, when the demand was 1o lakhs. Yusufzai was settled summarily in 1847 and Hashtnagar in 1850. In 1855 a new settlement was made for the whole District. It gave liberal reductions in Peshawar, the dodb, Daudzai, and Naushahra, where the summary assessment, based on the Sikh demands, had been very high, while the revenue in Yusufzai was enhanced. The net result was a demand of less than 8 lakhs. This assessment was treated as a summary one, and a regular settlement was carried out between 1869 and 1875, raising the revenue to 8 lakhs. The settlement worked well, particularly in those villages where a considerable enhancement was made, the high assessment acting as a stimulus to increased effort on the part of the cultivators. The revenue, however, was recovered with the greatest difficulty; and the history of the settlement has been described as one continuous struggle on the part of the tahsilddr to recover as much, and on the part of the landowners to pay as little, of the revenue demand as possible. This was due to the character and history of the people, and does not reflect at all on the pitch of the assessment. The latest revision began in 1892 and was finished in 1896. The chief new factors in the situation were the opening of the Swat and the Kabul River Canals, the development of communications in 1882 by means of the railway, the rise in prices, and the increase in prosperity due to internal security. Assessed at half the net `assets', the demand would have amounted to 234 lakhs, or Rs. 2-7-7 per cultivated acre. The revenue actually imposed was slightly more than 11 lakhs, an increase of about 23 lakhs, or 28 per cent., on the former demand. Of the total revenue Rs. 1,89,ooo is assigned, compared with Rs. 1,76,ooo at the regular settlement. The incidence per culti- vated acre varies from Rs. 1-11-4 in Charsadda to R. o-8-8 in Mardan. Frontier remissions are a special feature of the revenue administra- tion. A portion of the total assessment of a border estate is remitted, in consideration of the responsibility of the proprietors for the watch and ward of the border. The remissions are continued during the pleasure of Government, on condition of service and good conduct. The collections of total revenue and of land revenue alone are shown below, in thousands of rupees :- 1880-i. 1890-1. igoo-1. 1903-4- Land revenue . 6,83 7111 9,69 10,03 Total revenue . 9,72 9,72 18,54 16,70 PESHAWAR CITY is the only municipality. Outside this local affairs are managed by a District board, whose income is mainly derived from