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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 180.

T80 POONA DISTRICT GAON-DABHADE, LONAULI, KHED, ALANDI, and JUNNAR. The total income of these municipalities averages about 41 lakhs. Outside the municipalities, local affairs are managed by the District board and eight td1uka boards. The receipts of these in 1903-4 were Rs. 2,25,000, the chief source of their income being the local cess. The expenditure in the same year amounted to RS. 2,09,000, including Rs. 8q,ooo spent on the construction and maintenance of roads and buildings. The District Superintendent of police is aided by an Assistant and 3 inspectors. In 1903-4 there were 18 police stations, with 16 chief constables, 3 European constables, 231 head constables, and 988 con. stables. The mounted police numbered 28, under 4 European constables and 6 daffaddrc. The Yeraoda Central jail, intended for the confine- ment of all classes of prisoners, as well as for relieving District jails throughout the Presidency, is situated 3 miles north of Poona city. It has accommodation for 1,580 prisoners, and in 1904 the average daily number of prisoners was 1,452, of whom 40 were females. The present structure was built altogether by convict labour. The prisoners are employed outside the walls in gardens, and are hired out to contractors for unskilled labour. Inside the prison various industries are carried on, including weaving, carpet-making, coir-work, cane-work, and car- pentry. A printing press has recently been established. There are 1o subsidiary jails and 12 lock-ups, with accommodation for 125 and 181 prisoners respectively. A reformatory school for juvenile offenders at Yeraoda is under the supervision of the Educational department. Poona stands seventh as regards literacy among the twenty-four Dis- tricts of the Presidency. In 1goi, 6.6 per cent. of the population (rr-q males and 1-5 females) could read and write. Education has made much progress of late years. In 1855-6 there were only 95 schools, with a total of 4,206 pupils in the District. In 1881 the number of pupils rose to 15,246, in 1891 to 30,37o, and in igoi was 25,963. In 1903-4 there were 411 schools with 24,801 pupils, of whom more than 4,400 were females. These schools include 22 pri- vate schools with 417 pupils. Among the public institutions are 2 Arts colleges (the Deccan and Fergusson), one professional college, the College of Science, 14 high schools, 21 middle schools, 341: primary schools, and ro special schools, including a training college for male and 2 for female teachers, one workshop, and a medical class at the Sassoon Hospital. The College of Science includes engineering classes, agricultural classes, a workshop, and a forestry class. The Deccan College has a law class attached to it. Out of 389 public institu- tions, 14 are supported by Government, 201 by local boards, 5o by municipal boards, 119 schools are aided, and 5 are unaided. The total expenditure on education in 1903-4 exceeded 62 lakhs, of which nearly 13 lakhs was recovered as fees and Rs. 52,000 was contributed