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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 20, p. 241.

FINANCE 341 1887. The settlement was renewed on the same terms for the third quinquennium, during which the income rose from 36103 to 414•50 lakhs (Provincial from 15193 to 16830 lakhs), and the expenditure from 224-53 to 245-19 lakhs (Provincial from 153•04 to 17517 lakhs). The Provincial income and expenditure averaged 16o.66 and 162•05 lakhs respectively,. compared with the estimates of 144-9o and 14494 lakhs, while the Provincial balance rose to 27•71 lakhs. The cost of certain measures, of which the most important was the reorganization of the Punjab Commission at a cost of 2•27,lakhs a year, was met by assignmefits from Imperial. Under the fourth settlement the Provincial shares were fixed as follows: land revenue 25, stamps 75, and excise 25 per cent. Half the income tax, hitherto wholly Imperial, also became Provincial. The income rose from 421•92 to 473•10 lakhs (Provincial from 134•91 to 142•27 lakhs), chiefly under land revenue (9-43 lakhs), stamps (2•88), excise (r.86), income tax (o-8o), registration (0•95), and irri- gation (2•20), to take the annual averages. Expenditure increased from 248•22 to 28420 lakhs (Provincial from 18o'39 to 185•34 lakhs), owing to larger outlay on public works, maintenance of canals, salaries and expenditure of civil and political departments, and famine relief. Survey and settlement charges, hitherto shared, became Provincial, raising the total of expenditure. The Provincial income and expen- diture averaged 139•49, and 179•41 lakhs respectively, as compared with the contract figures of 132-x9 and 167•24 lakbs; but the settle- ment affected the finances of the Province adversely, and the quin- quennium closed with a balance of 5•23 lakhs, or hardly more than half the prescribed minimum. The fifth settlement made in 1897 was afterwards extended to 1904-5. It was modified in details in consequence of the separation of the North-West Frontier Province in rgor, but the general terms remained unaltered. Famine (which commenced in November, 1896) and plague (which broke out early in x897) led to diminished receipts and larger outlay, resulting in a complete collapse of the Provincial finances, which had to be supported by special grants from Imperial funds. Famine cost 5470 lakhs and plague 6-58 lakhs during the quin- quennium 1897-1901. Mianwali District was created, and the Cheilab and Jhelum Colonies extended. In 1902-3 arrears of land revenue, aggregating 39•30 lakbs, were remitted, and loans to agriculturists, amounting to 9•o6 lakhs, were written off in that and the following year. In 1902-3 the Supreme Government contributed 3-80 lakhs for extensive measures against plague, over and above the ordinary plague expenditure from Provincial funds. In that year the income was 519•36 lakhs, and the expenditure 299•65 lakhs (Provincial 21923 and 2o8-94 lakhs respectively). Financially, the conditions in the