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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 261.

RA T,VALPINDI DIVISION 261 Throughout its course in the plains, the Ravi flows everywhere in a comparatively narrow valley, often only a couple of miles in width, with generally a very tortuous channel. In one part,, however, the river runs a perfectly straight course for 12 miles from Kuchlumba to Sarai Sidhu in Multan District, between high wooded banks, forming a beautiful reach called the Sidhnai, where the SIDHNAI Canal takes off. Few islands are formed, but the bed shifts occasionally from place to place. The floods of the Ravi fertilize only a fringe of one or two miles on either side, and it is little employed for direct irrigation, although it supplies water to the Bari Doab and Sidhnai Canals. Navigation is difficult, but grain is shipped from Lahore in considerable quantities. Deodar timber, floated down in. rafts from the Chamba forests during the rains, finds its way to Lahore only in seasons of heavy flood. In 1397 the Ravi still flowed east and south of Multan and united with the Beds, as it did in the time of. Chach (A. D. 8oo). The change of course northwards has been comparatively slight, and its date is uncertain. Even now, at times of high flood, the water finds its way to Multan by the old channel. Rawain (or Raingarh).-A petty State feudatory to the Jubbal State, Punjab, situated in 31° 7' N. and 77° 48' E., and comprising about 7 square miles of territory round the fort of Raingarh, which crowns an isolated hill on the left bank of the Pabar river, here crossed by a wooden bridge. Population (1900, 823. The Thakurs come from the same stock as the Jubbal family. The State was originally a fief of Tehri, but the eastern portion was overrun by the Bashahris some time previous to the Gurkha invasion. After the Gurkha War the State was partitioned between the British, the Raja of Garhwal, and Rand Rana of Rawain. The portion retained by the British was in 1830 given to Keonthal, in exchange for land taken up for the station of Simla. A small community of Brahmans holds the surround- ing valley, and has charge of two'temples of Tibetan architecture. The elevation of the fort above sea-level is 5,408 feet. The revenue is about Rs. 3,000, of which Rs. 1,250 is derived from the forests, which are leased to GoverrUnent. The present Thakur, Kedar Singh, suc- ceeded in 1904. He has full powers, but sentences of death require confirmation by the Superintendent, Hill States, Simla. Rawalpindi Division.-North-western Division of the Punjab, lying between 31° 35' and 34° 1' N. and 70° 37' and 74° 29' E. The Commissioner's head-quarters are at Rawalpindi and Murree. The total population of the Division increased from 2,520,508 in 1881 to 2,750,713 in„r891, and to 2,799,36o in igoi. Its total area is 15,736 square miles, and the density of the population is 178 persons per square mile, compared with 2o9 for the Province as a whole. In 1901 the Muhammadans numbered 2,428,767, or nearly 87 per cent. of the total ;