262 I?JWALPINDI DIVISION
while Hindus numbered 275,905, Sikhs 84,953, Jains 1,232, Parsis 66,
and Christians 8,436. The Division contains five Districts, as shown
below:-
Land revenue
District. Area in Population, and cesses,
miles. square 1903-41
1901. in thousands,
of rupees.
G ujrat 2,051 750,548 10152
Shahpur . 4,840 524,259 12,38
Jhelum 2,813 501,424 8,84
Rawalpindi 2,010 588,699 6,56
Attock 4,022 464,430 7,17
Total 15,736 217991360 45,47
The Districts of Rawalpindi, Attock, and Jhelum are hilly, extending
from the outer ranges of the Himalayas and including most of the Salt
Range, which enters Shahpur District on the south-west.
The principal town is RAWALPINDI (population, 87,688, with canton-
ments). SHAHDHERI, close to the Margalla pass, has been identified
with the ancient city of Taxila. HASSAN ABDAL, and MANIKIAI.A, the
site of the body-offering slupa of Buddhist legend, are within 30 miles
of Shahdheri. ROHTns and MALOT in Jhelum and Mong in Gujrat
District also possess an antiquarian interest. In Gujrat District are
the battle-fields Of SADULLAPUR, CHILIANWALA, and GUJRAT, while the
famous defile of Narsingh-Phohar in the Salt Range, with its waterfall,
is one of the most beautiful spots in Northern India.
Rawalpindi District.-Northern District of the Rawalpindi Divi-
sion, Punjab, lying between 33° 4' and 34° 1' N. and 72' 34' and
73' 39' E., with an area of 2,oro square miles. It is bounded on the
north by the Hazara District of the North-West Frontier Province ; on
the east by the river Jhelum, which separates it from Kashmir territory;
on the south by the District of Jhelum ; and on the west by that of
Attock. The District as now constituted forms a compact square,
with the mountain tract called the Murree Hills
jutting from its north-east corper, between Kashmir
and Hazara. This range extends southward along the
eastern border of the District, forming the Kahfita Hills, which lie in
the lahsil of that name, as far south as Bagham on the Jhelum river,
and west to within a few miles of Rawalpindi cantonment. On the
west the slope is gradual, but the eastern escarpments run sharply down
to the deep gorges of the Jhelum. The five main spurs are known
generally as the Murree range, that on which the sanitarium of Murree
stands rising to 7,500 feet, Charihan being very little lower, and Paphundi
reaching 7,000 feet at its highest point. These hills form an offshoot
of the Himalayan system. The valleys between them are often ex-
Physical
aspects.
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