roe SARAWAN
the Kalat nidbat, revenue is paid by the cultivators either in kind or in
personal service as horsemen, footmen, labourers, and messengers. In
Mastung the land revenue is recovered both in kind and at a fixed
rate in cash and kind (zarri and kalang). In the case of many of
the kdrez in the Mastung and Kalat nidbats, the State, to avoid the
trouble of collecting the produce revenue at each harvest, has acquired
a proportion of the land and water supplied by a kdrez in perpetuity
and converted them into crown property, leaving the remainder of the
land and water free of assessment. In 1903 the revenue of each nidbat
was as follows: Mastung, Rs. 9z,8oo; Kalat, Rs. 32,700; Johan with
Gazg, Rs. 1,200; total, Rs. 1,26,700.
KALAT Town is the head-quarters of the Khan's military forces,
and a regiment of cavalry, 95 sabres strong, is stationed at Mastung.
Tribal levies, 32 in number, are posted at Mastung, Alu, and Munga-
char. Irregular levies, to the number of 86, maintained by the Khan
for the collection of revenue and keeping the peace in his own
nidbas, are stationed at Kalat. There is a small jail at Mastung and
a lock-up at Alu.
During the second Afghan War, the Sarawan chiefs rendered good
service in guarding communications and providing supplies, in recogni-
tion of which the British Government granted personal allowances to
some of them. These payments have since been continued, to assist
the sarddrs in maintaining their prestige and in keeping order among
their tribesmen, and amount to Rs. z2,8oo per annum.
Education is neglected. A few persons of the better class keep
mullds to teach their sons, and a school, which promises to be well
attended, is about to be opened at Mastung. Two dispensaries are
maintained, one by the British Government and the other by the Kalat
State. The total number of patients in 1903 was 8,919, and the total
cost Rs. 5,300. Inoculation is practised by Saiyids, who generally get
fees at the rate of eight annas for a boy and four annas for a girl.
Sarda.-The name given to part of a river-system flowing from the
Himalayas through north-western Oudh. Two streams, the Kuthi
Yankti and Kalapani, rising in the lofty Panch Chulhi mountains in
the north-east corner of Kumaun close to the Tibet frontier, unite
after a few miles to form the Kali river or Kali Ganga, which divides
Nepal from Kumaun. At a distance of 106 miles from its source, the
Kali receives the Sarju or Ramganga (East) at Pacheswar. The Sarju
and its tributary, the Ramganga (East), rise in a lofty range leading
south from the peak of Nanda Kot, and unite at Rameswar, from which
point the combined stream is called indifferently by either name. From
the junction at Pacheswar the name Kali is gradually lost and the river
is known as Sarju or as Sarda. At Barmdeo the waters descend on the
plains in a series of rapids, the course to this point being that of a
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