---

Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 22, p. 247.

ADMINISTRATION 247 cedure. Various Acts and Regulations have been extended to the Northern Shan States, and the Gambling, Excise, Cattle Trespass, and certain other Acts are now in force in the civil station- of Lashio. In North Hsenwi, the Kachin Hill Tribes Regulation has been extendid, to the Kachin area. The most prevalent offences occurring in the Northern Shan States are cattle and pony thefts, and (in -,Z;Is1paw State) opium cases. In revenue matters the Sawbwas administer their `States in accor- dance with local customs, which have beep but little modified. The main source of revenue is thathameda. In Hsipaw it is levied at the rate of Rs. io per household; in Ta-wngpeng, at RS. 20 on tea-garden cultivators, Rs. ro on cultivators of ` irrigated land, and Rs. 5 on Kachns; in North Hsenwi, at Rs. 4-8 on Kachin families in the Kachin tract, and at Rs. 5 on Shans or other races, whether settled in the Kachin tract or in the Shan circles; in South Hsenwi, at Rs ro on cultivators of low-lying rice land and Rs. 6 on taungya-clatters. Taxes on rice and tea cultivation, bringing'in Rs. 58;ooo in x903-4, are levied in the Hsipaw State, and a tax, yielding Rs. 62,ooo,. is assessed on every bullock-load of tea exported from Tawngpeng. A tax on opium and liquor is raised by means of licence fees in Hsipaw and Tawngpeng, which brought in Rs. 42,000 in -1903-4. The -natal revenue collected in the five cis-Salween States in that year amounted to Rs,, 6,26,ooo, the Hsipaw. State alone receiving considerably, more than half. Thathameda realized Rs. 3,87,ooo, ati!lj the total tribute paid to the British Government was Rs. 1,20,000. The SawbWas are responsible for the suppression of crime and the preservation of :,order in their States, and some of them „paintain small irregular police foam: In addition,-Government:-rraaint6ris, a civil police force, which consists of -one -Fmrepean Assistant Super- intendent of police, who is stationed at -Lashio, one Burman head constable, and .65 policemen recruited in the Shan States:. These police are for -the most part engaged in the prevention and. detection of crime in the tract of country directly bordering on the; -railway. . There are 3 police stations-at Lashio, Hsipaw, and Nawnghkio. The Northern Shan States military police battalion has its head- quarters at Lashio. The force is under a commandant, with one assistant commandant, and the total strength of the battalion is 505 men. The majority of them are stationed at Lashio, and there, are zoo at Kutkai and 3o each at Hsipaw and Tangyan. Hsipaw State maintains a jail of its own, with an average of about- 20 convicts. The prisoners are engaged• in outdoor work, and- keep up the jail garden, which produces vegetables for sale in ,the local bazar. They also undertake repairs on State buildings, the jail; itself: being a product of prison labour. Short-term prisoners in other.