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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 27.

ADMINISTRATION 27 Raja personally exercising administrative control over the departments, divided into administrative, judicial, military, police, accounts, public works, medical, forests (including tea and other Administration. estates), jail, and foundry. Most of the principles of British law are observed, and almost all the Indian Acts applicable to the Punjab have been adopted. The State is divided into four tahsils. These are Nahan, comprising the old Dharthi and Khol wazlHs; Pachhad, the 'western' tract, in which is the Sain range; Rainka, comprising the hilly country to the east; and Paonga, which contains the Kiarda Dim. Each tahsil is under a tahslld ir. The highest court is that of the Council, which consists of the Raja as president, and five members nominated by him. The court of the Raja sitting alone is known as the Ijlds-i-Khds. This exercises full jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and appeals from it lie to the Council, but sentences of death require the confirmation of the Com missioner of Delhi. Below it are the courts of the district judge and district magistrate. Subordinate to the former are the Munsif at Nahan (exercising second-class criminal powers) and the tahsilddrs, who try petty cases up to Rs. 15 in value. The district magistrate is collector and registrar, and the tahsilddrs are subordinate to him in all but their civil judicial functions. There is also an honorary magistrate. Serious offences are rare. Cattle-lifting occurs in the tracts bordering on British territory, and matrimonial offences are common. The Imperial Service corps of Sirmur Sappers and Miners, 197 strong, raised in 1889, served with distinction under Major Bir Bikram Singh, C.I.E., in the Tirah expedition, 1897. It was also employed in constructing the Khushalgarh-Kohat-Thai Railway in 1901-2. The State maintains cavalry (31 strong) and a regiment of infantry (235 strong), and possesses two serviceable guns. Prior to 1813 the revenue was levied in both cash and kind. The area was not measured, but the amount of land which could be sown with a given quantity of seed formed a unit, and each unit paid a rupee in cash or two maunds (local weight) of grain. During the rule of Raja Fateh Parkash, a cash assessment was imposed on all but the fertile hhol tracts of Haripur and Nahan, which continued to pay in kind. The State share was deemed to be a sixth of the gross produce, with an additional cess on each unit. In 1845 the levy of revenue in kind was discontinued in these two tracts. Under Raja Sir Shamsher Parkash the State was regularly surveyed and settled in 1878, in spite of some opposition in the Rainka tahsil, where the people feared that the iron measuring chains would destroy the fertility of the soil. In 1887 a second regular settlement was effected, but the whole area was VOL. XXIII. G