---

Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 183.

STV~4T S7ATF r83 Swâbi Tahsïl.--Easternmost tahsil of Peshawar District, North- 1Vest Frontier Province, lying between 33° 54' and 34° zz' N. and qz° rz' and qz° 45' E., with an area of 46q square miles. It forms, with the Mardàn tahsil, the Yûsufzai subdivision. It consists of a level plain intersected by two considerable streams, the Naraiiji Khwar and Badri, and many smaller ravines. 1'he population in rgor was I44,5r3~ compared with r3o,68q in r8gr. It contains g4 villages, including Swâbi, the head-quarters. The land revenue and cesses in h9o3-4 amounted to Rs. 3,00,000. The principal tract in thc; tahsil is the Razzar, occupying its north-eastern half, which is so called after the branch of the Mandanr Pathâns which holds it. The central portion is held by the Sadozai and the eastern extremity by the Litmanzai, both branches of the IVIandanr. The tahsil was formerly known as Utmàn Bulak. Swâlly.--Former seaport of Surat, Bombay. See Suvntt. Swât State.-One of the tracts comprised in the Dir, Swât, and Chitràl Agency, North-West Frontier Province, lying between 34° 4ô artd 35° N. and qz° and q4° 6' E. It: forms the valley of the Swàt river, which, rising in the lofty ranges bordering on Chitrül, flows south- south-west from its source to Chakdarra, thence south-west to the D2alakand, thence north-west to its junction with the Panjkora, thence south-west again till it meets the Ambahàr, thence south-east to Abâzai in Peshàwar District. Below its junction with the l'anjl;ora the valley is not, politically speaking, Swàt but Utmàn Khel. Swàt üs divided into two distinct tracts : one, the Swàt Kohistàn, or mountain country on the upper reaches of the Swàt river and its affluents as far south as tlin ; and the other, Swàt proper, which is further subdivided into Bar (` Upper') and Kuz (` Lower') Svvàt, thc; latter extending from handakai to Iialangai, a few miles above the junction of the Swàt and Panjkora rivers. 'l'he area of Swàt, including Swàt Kohistàn, is about the same as that of Dir ; but the river valley does not exceed r3o miles in length, with an average breadth of about iz miles. The valley contains a series of rich alluvial tracts, extensively cultivated and extending for qo miles along the river banks, while in the Kohistàn a:re vast forests of deodhY. Starting from an elevation of z,ooo feet, a't the junction of the Swât and Panjkora rivers, the valley rises rapidly, and the peaks to the north range from r5,ooo to zz,ooo feet above t:he sea. 1'he climate of the lower valleys is malarious and unhealthy, especially in autumn. '1 he histories of Dir, Swât, Bâjaur, and Utmàn Khel are so inextricably intermingled that it has been found impoe~sible to treat them separately. The first historical mention of these countries is made by Arrian, who records that in 3z6 s. c. Alexander led his army through Kunar,