---

Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 215.

T~MBRAPARNÎ 215 north-west of DhCilia. Population (rgor), 6,59z. Taloda is the chief timber market of Khândesh, and has also a considerable trade in rosha grass (Andro~o~on schoenanthus), oil, and grain. The best wooden carts of Khândesh are manufactured heré, costing about Rs. 4o each. The town, which was constituted a municipality in r86q, had an average income during the decade ending rgor of :Rs. 5,000. In rgo3-4 the income was Rs.5,400. The town contain:; a dispensary, and a boys' school with i8o pupils. Talsâna.-Petty State in KnTxWwnx, Bombay. Tamadaw.-Western township of Shwebô District, Upper Burma, on the Upper Chindwin border, lying; bétween zz° 46'' and z3° 8' N. and g4° 5ô and g5° z3' E., with an area of 5g8 square miles. It consists fou the most part of broken country with Low hills. 1'hé population was 13,845 m r8gr, and rg,634 in rgor, distributed in n45 villages, Tamadaw (population, rgg), a village in the east, being the head-quarters. The area cultivated in rgo3-4 was 55; squaré miles; and the land revenue and thathanaeda amounted to Rs:48,goo. Tâmbraparni. -River in Tinnevf,lly District, Madras. The deri- vatiori of the name has been much discussed. One: etymology is from the Sanskrit tdmra, `copper,' and vanna, `colour,' from the colour of the sand in its bed. It rises on the slopes of the peak Agastyamalai in the Westemi Ghâts, in 8° 3T N. and '77° i5' E., and after a course of some miles through this range descends to the plains in five beautiful falls at Pâpanâsam, a very sacred spot. Higher up, in the heart of the hills, it forms another fall called tihE; Bânâ-tirtham, which is equally sacred but, being with difficulty accessible, is less frequented. From Pâpanâsam it runs eastward across 'l'innévelly District, receiving a number of tributaries which, like; itself, rise in the Ghâts. 'The chief of these is the Chittâr, 45 miles long. It éventually falls into the Gulf of Manaar in 8° 4ô N. and q8° g' E., after a course of qo miles, during which it drains r,73g square miles. I'he Tâmbraparni receives a supply from both monsoons, and is thus almost a perennial stream and of great use for irrigation, Eight dams cross it. Seven of these were made by former native govérn ments and are believed to date from the fifteenth century. I'he eighth and lowest, at Sxivaikuntam, was suggested by Mr. Puckle, a former Collector, and was begun in x867. It is r,38o feet long, and feeds channels on both banks of the river, filling a large series of tanks in which the supply was formerly precarious, and also watering other land directly. The irrigation revenue has by this means been raisèd from Rs. 80,000 to over z lakhs, which gives a return of over 6 per cent. on thé capital of r5 lakhs laid out on the system. The 117arudür dam, higher up the stream, irrigates on an average 30,000 acres of first and second crop, and the other six water gr,ooo acres between them: