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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 302.

302 THANA DISTRICT The collections on account of land revenue and total revenue have been as follows, in thousands of rupees 1880-1.* 1890-t. '900-1. 1903-4- Land revenue 15,12 113,36 12,94 15,68 Total revenue 27,80 28,87 29,89 33,36 " In 1880-' the District included two talukas since transferred to Kolaba. 'The District contains seven municipal towns: namely, TI39NA, KIIRLA, BANDRA, BASSEIN, Kelve-MAHIM, BHIWANDI, and KALYAN. Outside these, local affairs are under the District board and nine hdluka boards. The expenditure of these boards in 1903-4 was 22 lakhs, of which nearly half was spent on roads and buildings. The income amounted to 3 lakhs, the land cess being the chief item. The District Superintendent, with the aid of one Assistant Super- intendent, 2 inspectors, and 12 chief constables, controls the police of the District. There are 114 police stations. The force in 1904 numbered 610 men, working under 152 head constables. Besides the District jail, called a ° special ' jail as it accommodates long-term convicts to the number of 730, there are i r subsidiary jails and one lock-up in the District with accommodation for 102 prisoners. The daily average prison population in 1904 was 681, of whom 38 were females. Thana stands ninth among the Districts of the Presidency in the literacy of its population, of whom 5•2 per cent. (9•1 males and 1-3 females) could read and write in 19or. In 1855-6 there were only 17 schools in the District, attended by 1,321 pupils. By 1881 the number of schools had risen to 178, attended by 8,872 pupils, who in 1891 had increased to 17,984. In 1901 the number was 13,191, but the decrease was due to changes in the District area. In 1903-4 the District had 301 schools, of which 48 were private, attended by 15,843 pupils, of whom 2,653 were girls. The public institutions included 3 high, 9 middle, and 241 primary schools. Of the 253 public institutions, one is managed by the Educational department, 186 by the local boards, 42 by municipalities, while 23 are aided and one unaided. The total expenditure on education in 1903-4 was nearly 14 lakhs, of which 54 per cent. was devoted to primary education. In 1904 the District possessed one hospital, 14 dispensaries, and a leper home. The Thana civil hospital was established in 1836, and the first dispensary was opened at Bandra in 1851. These institu- tions contain accommodation for 126 in-patients, 35 being in the leper home. Including 652 in-patients, the total number treated was 115,ooo, and the operations performed numbered 2,137. The expenditure on medical relief was Rs. 51,000, of which Rs. 16,ooo