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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 326.

326 THARRA WADD Y DISTRICT the circle (or taih) thugyi, but drew no -commission. The system of collection by village headmen is now being introduced as circles fall vacant. At present there are seventeen circles in which there are circle thugyis, who draw full commission, while fourteen circles have recently been broken up, and the revenue in them is now collected by 338 village headmen. The following table shows, in thousands of rupees, the growth of the revenue since 11880-r 1880-1. 1890-1. 1900-1. 1903-4. Land revenue 3,50 5„0 8,50 111,22 Total revenue 8,yo 9,90 115,98 23,27 The total revenue for 11903-4 includes Rs. 3,77,000 from capitation tax and Rs. 5,17,000 from excise. There is a District cess fund, maintained chiefly by a levy of 110 per cent. on the total land revenue, and administered by the Deputy-Com- missioner, for the upkeep of roads and the provision of other local necessities. Its income in 11903-4 was Rs. 1,60,7oo, and of this total Rs. 63,000 was spent on public works. There are three municipalities, THONzr,:, LETPADAN, and GYOBIN- GAUx ; and two town committees, ZIGON and MINHI..A. The police are under a District Superintendent, who has two sub- divisional officers with jurisdictions corresponding to the civil sub- divisions. The strength of the civil police force has been recently considerably augmented, and now consists of the following: 4 inspec- tors, 3 chief head constables, 9 head constables, 43 sergeants, and 406 constables. '].'here are 11 i police stations and 4 police outposts in the District. Military police are stationed at Letpadan, Minhla, Monyo, Gyobingauk, Zigon, and Tapun, and also at the District head-quarters. There are no jails or reformatories, convicted prisoners being sent to the Rangoon and Insein jails to serve out their sentences. There is, however, a lock-up for the temporary detention of prisoners at the District head-quarters. The standard of education is high even for Burma. Although the proportion of literate males, 48•4 per cent.,. does not exceed that of the illiterate, as it does in a few of the Upper Burma Districts, it is higher than in any other District of Lower Burma except Thayetmyo. For males and females together the proportion is 27.6 per cent. Education is chiefly in the hands of religious bodies, Buddhist monks, French Roman Catholic priests, and American Baptist missionaries. The number of pupils was 2,615 in 118811, 5,646 in 118911, and 9,4211 in igoi. In 1903-4 there were 21 secondary, 1146 primary, 3o elementary (private), and 3 special schools, attended by 10,470 pupils (1,870