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Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 335.

ADMINISTRATION 335 produce, but in the Government estates as well as in many zamin- ddris this was often effected through the medium of a renter. The zaminddrs imposed a fixed assessment on 'dry' (unirrigated) land which amounted to half the gross produce ; but on 'wet' (irrigated) land the imposition of additional taxes reduced the share of the ryot in theory to one-third, but in practice to only one-fifth, of the produce. The existing survey of the three Government ldluks was carried out in 1884-8 and their settlement in 1888-q, the new rates of assessment being introduced in 18gg-igoo. The survey showed that the area under cultivation had been understated in the old accounts by about 20 per cent., and the settlement resulted in an increase of 15 per cent. in the land revenue. The average assessment on `dry' land is now Rs. 1-i (maximum Rs. 3, minimum 6 annas) and on `wet' land Rs. 5-9-5 (maximum Rs. 8, minimum Rs. z) per acre. The revenue from land and the total revenue in recent years are given below, in thousands of rupees:-- 1880-i. z89o-t. 1900-1. 1903-4. Land revenue . 18,77 16,99 19,14 13,67 Total revenue . 20,75 24,66 31,40 31.49 The greater part of the Agency tract has recently been brought under the Local Boards Act. In the ordinary tracts four municipalities (VIZAGAPATAM, VIZIANAGRAM, BIMLIPATAM, and ANAKAPALLE) have been constituted. Outside these towns, local affairs are managed by the two District boards of Vizagapatarn and Koraput, and by the four ldluk boards of Vizagapatam, Vizianagram, Narasapatnam, and Parvati- puram, the local areas of the jurisdiction of the latter being conter- minous with the revenue subdivisions of the same names. The total expenditure of these boards in 1903-4 was more than 4 lakhs, nearly 2 lakhs being laid out on roads and buildings, while education, hospitals, and sanitation accounted for another lakh. The chief source of income is the land cess. Subordinate to the Oluk boards are fifteen Union panchdyals, which manage the affairs of the smaller towns, levying a small tax on houses and spending the proceeds on sanitary needs. For police purposes the District is divided into two areas, Vizaga- patam and Jeypore. The latter comprises the Koraput subdivision and the former the rest of the District. These two together contain ro7 police stations; and the force within them consists of 24 inspectors, one European constable, 16q head constables, and 1,275 constables. Reserve police, consisting of picked men better armed than the rest, are stationed in four places, and are intended mainly to be available