lV I'NA,4D 399
of dams. In 1903-4 the area cultivated was IT 7. square miles, and the
land revenue and thathameda amounted to Rs. 1,41,000.
Wuntho Subdivision (formerly Kawlin).-South-western sub-
division of Kathâ District, Upper Burma, containing the WUNTHO,
KAWLIN, and PINLEDU townships.
Wuntho Township.-Township of Katha District, Upper Burma,
lying between 23° 46' and z4° 14' N. and 95° 35' and 95° 59' E.,
on either side of the Sagaing-Myitkyina railway, with an area of
592 square miles. At one time it formed part of the Wuntho State,
which rebelled in 1891, and was incorporated in Kathâ District on the
suppression of the rising. The population in 1901 Was 22,934 (nearly
all Burmans), distributed in 301 villages. The head-quarters are at
Wuntho (population, 1,879), situated on the railway line in the south
of the township. The surveyed area under cultivation in 1903-4 was
41 square miles, and the land revenue and thathameda amounted to
Rs. 76>9oo.
Wynaad.-Highland subdivision and Wuk of Malabar District,
Madras, lying between I1" 27' and I I" 58' N. and 75" 47' and 760 27'
E., with an area of 821 square miles. It contains 23 afasams,: or
parishes, and 75,149 inhabitants (1901), or less than Too persons
per square mile, which is a lower density than in any other Malabar
tâluk. The population at the Census of 1891 was 76,762, and the
decrease is due to the decline in the coffee industry. The head-
quarters of the tdluk are at MANANTODDY, and the only other village
of importance is VAYITTIRI, in the centre of the coffee-growing country.
The land revenue demand in 1903-4 amounted to Rs. T,6o,ooo.
The Wynaad consists of a table-land 6o miles by 30, lying amid the
Ghâts at an average height of 3,000 feet above sea; level. Its most
characteristic features are low ridges of hills,'with sharp peaks (rising in
some places to 6,ooo feet) and extensive valleys. Towards the east,
where it merges into the plateau of Mysore, the country becomes more
level. In the south-east the Ghâts are low till they meet the Nilgiris
near Naduvattam ; on the west and south-west, where the tâhek
joins the low country of Malabar, there are several peaks of over
6,ooo feet. The tdluk contains wide forests, which abound in game,
and are rich in teak and black-wood and other valuable timber. The
chief Government Reserves are the Chedleth range of Too square miles
of deciduous forest, lying round Sultan's Battery ; and the Begurpadri
range of 85 square miles of deciduous and evergreen forest, lying
round Manantoddy and up the slopes of the Brahmagiris. The chief
rivers are the Kabbani and Rampur, tributaries of the Cauvery. The
climate is damp and, for eight months of the year, cool. The fever for
which the Wynaad was once notorious; has become less prevalent with
increased clearing. The annual rainfall averages 130 inches, but is
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