ĀB-E ḤAYĀT: Shaping the Canon of Urdu Poetry

MUḤAMMAD ḤUSAIN ĀZĀD

translated and edited by Frances W. Pritchett

in association with Shamsur Rahman Faruqi

Contents

Acknowledgements

How to Use This Translation

'Everybody Knows This Much...'

introduction by Frances W. Pritchett

Constructing a Literary History, a Canon, and a Theory of Poetry

introduction by Shamsur Rahman Faruqi

ĀB-E ḤAYĀT:  Biographies of Urdu Poets of Renown, and an Account of the Improvements and Reforms Made in the Urdu Language from Age to Age:

INTRODUCTION (#1-5#)

THE HISTORY OF THE URDU LANGUAGE (#6-25#)

WHEN PERSIAN ENTERED INTO BRAJ BHASHA,

What Effects It Created, and What Hope There Is for the Future (#25-63#)

THE HISTORY OF URDU POETRY (#64-80#)

THE FIRST ERA OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT,

in which Valī and his accomplished contemporaries are seated together in assembly (#81-105#)

'Valī'-- #83-91#

Shāh Mubārak 'Ābrū'-- #91-95#

Shaiḳh Sharfuddīn 'Maẓmūn'-- #96-97#

Muḥammad Shākir 'Nājī'-- #97-100#

Muḥammad Aḥsan 'Aḥsan'-- #100-101#

Ġhulām Muṣt̤afā Ḳhān 'Yakrang'-- #101-105#

THE SECOND ERA OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT:

Shāh Ḥātim, Ḳhān-e Ārzū, Fuġhāñ (#106-122#)

Shaiḳh Z̤ahūr ud-Dīn Shāh 'Ḥātim'-- #107-115#

Sirāj ud-Din ʿAlī Ḳhān-e 'Ārzū'-- #115-117#

Ashraf ʿAlī Ḳhān-e 'Fuġhāñ'-- #117-121#

THE THIRD ERA OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT:

Mirzā Maz̤har Jān Jānāñ, Mīr Soz, Mīr Taqī, Mirzā Rafīʿ Saudā, Ḳhvājah Mīr Dard (#123-220#)

Part One

Mirzā 'Maz̤har' Jān-e Jānāñ-- #130-132, 134-141#

Mīr ʿAbdul-Ḥayy 'Tābāñ'-- #132-134, 140-141#

Part Two

Mirzā Rafīʿ 'Saudā'-- #141-172#

Part Three

Mīr 'Ẓāḥik'-- #172-175#

Ḳhvājah Mīr 'Dard'-- #175-184#

Sayyid Muḥammad Mīr 'Soz'-- #184-193#

Part Four

'Mīr', Mīr Taqī-- #194-220#

THE FOURTH ERA OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT:

Muṣḥafī, Sayyid Inshā, Jurʾat (#221-323#)

Part One

Shaiḳh Qalandar Baḳhsh 'Jurʾat'-- #225-241#

Mīr 'Ḥasan'-- #241-246#

Part Two

Sayyid 'Inshā'-- #247-269#

Part Three

Sayyid 'Insha' (Concluded)-- #269-295#

Part Four

Shaiḳh Ġhulām Hamadānī 'Muṣḥafī'-- #295-323#

THE FIFTH ERA OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT:

Nāsiḳh, Ātash, Shāh Naṣīr, Momin, Żauq, Ġhālib (#325-526#)

Part One

Shaiḳh Imām Baḳhsh 'Nāsiḳh'-- #327-339#

Part Two

Shaiḳh Imām Baḳhsh 'Nāsiḳh' (Concluded)-- #339-363#

Part Three

Mīr Mustaḥsan 'Ḳhalīq'-- #364-372#

Ḳhvājah Ḥaidar ʿAlī 'Ātash'-- #372-387#

Part Four

Shāh 'Naṣīr'-- #387-404#

Part Five

Momin Ḳhān 'Momin'-- #404-419#

Part Six

Shaiḳh Ibrāhīm 'Żauq'-- #420-442#

Part Seven

Shaiḳh Ibrāhīm 'Żauq' (Continued)-- #442-457#

Part Eight

Shaiḳh Ibrāhīm 'Żauq' (Concluded)-- #457-481#

Part Nine

Mirzā Asadullāh Ḳhān 'Ġhālib'-- #481-499#

Part Ten

Mirzā Asadullāh Ḳhān 'Ġhālib' (Concluded)-- #499-515#

Part Eleven

Mirzā Salāmat ʿAlī 'Dabīr'-- #515-519#

Mīr Babbar ʿAlī 'Anīs'-- #519-526#

THE CONCLUSION OF ĀB-E ḤAYĀT: The free (āzād) servant, Muḥammad Ḥusain (#526-528#)

Bibliography

Index of Authors and Works

Index of Literary Terms

General Index of References